{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T11:12:40Z","timestamp":1788174760339,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":110,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,9]],"date-time":"2022-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646784000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic autoimmune disorder with unknown triggering factors, and complex pathophysiologic links which lead to fibrosis of skin and internal organs, including the heart, lungs, and gut. However, more than 100 years after the first description of cardiac disease in SSc, sclerodermic cardiomyopathy (SScCmp) is an underrecognized, occult disease with important adverse long-term prognosis. Laboratory tests, electrocardiography (ECG) and cardiovascular multimodality imaging techniques (transthoracic 2D and 3D echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR), and novel imaging techniques, including myocardial deformation analysis) provide new insights into the cardiac abnormalities in patients with SSc. This state-of-the-art review aims to stratify all the cardiac investigations needed to diagnose and follow-up the SScCmp, and discusses the epidemiology, risk factors and pathophysiology of this important cause of morbidity of the SSc patient.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12030669","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,9]],"date-time":"2022-03-09T11:30:38Z","timestamp":1646825438000},"page":"669","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Sclerodermic Cardiomyopathy\u2014A State-of-the-Art Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7146-2411","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adrian","family":"Giuc\u0103","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, \u201cProf. Dr. C.C. Iliescu\u201d Emergency Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases, 022328 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Research Methodology, Craiova University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 200349 Craiova, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tea","family":"Gegenava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi 0159, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen Marina","family":"Mihai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ciprian","family":"Jurcu\u0163","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d Central Military Emergency University Hospital, Calea Plevnei no 134, 010825 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"S\u0103ftoiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research Methodology, Craiova University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 200349 Craiova, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8976-176X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana Monica","family":"G\u020brni\u0163\u0103","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology, Allergy & Rheumatology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, 231 Albert Sabin Way, ML 0563, Medical Science Bldg. (MSB), Rm 7409, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0563, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bogdan Alexandru","family":"Popescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, \u201cProf. Dr. C.C. Iliescu\u201d Emergency Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases, 022328 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7208-5769","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nina","family":"Ajmone Marsan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruxandra","family":"Jurcu\u021b","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, \u201cProf. Dr. C.C. Iliescu\u201d Emergency Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases, 022328 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15002","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2015.2","article-title":"Systemic sclerosis","volume":"1","author":"Allanore","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Prim."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.3949\/ccjm.86a.18109","article-title":"Cardiovascular complications of systemic sclerosis: What to look for","volume":"86","author":"Mani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cleve. Clin. J. 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