{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T23:47:07Z","timestamp":1762300027451,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,22]],"date-time":"2022-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647907200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001655","name":"German Academic Exchange Service","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["91731459 and 91560545"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["91731459 and 91560545"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001655","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play an important role in menstruation and endometriosis; however, the membrane-type matrix metalloproteinases (MT-MMPs) are not well studied in endometriosis and adenomyosis. We analyzed MT2-MMP (MMP15) and MT3-MMP (MMP16) in eutopic endometrium with and without endometriosis and with and without adenomyosis and ectopic endometrium of deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE), peritoneal endometriosis (PE), and ovarian endometriosis (Ov) by immunohistochemistry. Preferential expression of both proteins was observed in the glandular and luminal epithelial cells of the eutopic endometrium of patients with and without endometriosis with a ~2.5-fold stronger expression of MT3-MMP compared to MT2-MMP. We did not observe any differences during menstrual cycling and in eutopic endometrium of patients with and without endometriosis. Similarly, eutopic endometrium and adenomyotic tissue with and without endometriosis showed similar protein levels of MT2-MMP and MT3-MMP. In contrast, MT2-MMP and MT3-MMP protein was decreased in ectopic compared to eutopic endometrium and adenomyosis. The similar expression of MT2-MMP and MT3-MMP in eutopic endometrium in patients with and without endometriosis in contrast to the impaired expression in ectopic endometrium suggests that alterations occur after and not before endometrial implantation possibly by distinct interactions with the different environments. The differential protein expression of MT2\/3-MMP in adenomyosis compared to endometriosis might suggest a different pathogenesis pathway for the two diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12040779","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,22]],"date-time":"2022-03-22T14:55:35Z","timestamp":1647960935000},"page":"779","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Impaired Expression of Membrane Type-2 and Type-3 Matrix Metalloproteinases in Endometriosis but Not in Adenomyosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5358-4220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jane B.","family":"Maoga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Justus Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad A.","family":"Riaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Justus Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Agnes N.","family":"Mwaura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Justus Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Georgios","family":"Scheiner-Bobis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Veterinary-Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0049-5336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ezekiel","family":"Mecha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi 00100, Kenya"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles O. A.","family":"Omwandho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Biochemistry, Kirinyaga University, Kirinyaga 10300, Kenya"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ivo","family":"Meinhold-Heerlein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Justus Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5878-3050","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lutz","family":"Konrad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Justus Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)17403-5","article-title":"Endometriosis","volume":"364","author":"Giudice","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1097\/PAP.0b013e3180ca7d7b","article-title":"The pathology of endometriosis: A survey of the many faces of a common disease emphasizing diagnostic pitfalls and unusual and newly appreciated aspects","volume":"14","author":"Clement","year":"2007","journal-title":"Adv. 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