{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:56:39Z","timestamp":1760151399629,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,23]],"date-time":"2022-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647993600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We present the case of a 71-year-old male who suffered an episode of acute renal failure caused by the uncommon association of two different diseases (Clostridioides difficile infection and McKittrick-Wheelock syndrome). He presented with hypovolemic shock, severe hypokalemia, hyponatremia, metabolic acidosis and acute renal failure; consequences of secretory diarrhea caused by a giant rectal tumor revealed from colonoscopy. The biopsy results revealed tubulo-villous adenoma with low\/high grade dysplasia. After correction of electrolyte imbalances and azotemia, the patient underwent surgical resection with full subsequent recovery. In the literature review, including papers published from which January 1945 to April 2021, we found only one case-report of acute renal failure associated with Clostridioides difficile infection and McKittrick-Wheelock syndrome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12040784","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,23]],"date-time":"2022-03-23T12:20:25Z","timestamp":1648038025000},"page":"784","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Uncommon Association of Mckittrick-Wheelock Syndrome and Clostridioides difficile Infection in Acute Renal Failure"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Irina","family":"Ciortescu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical I Department, \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saint Spiridon Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vasile-Liviu","family":"Drug","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical I Department, \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saint Spiridon Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oana-Bogdana","family":"B\u0103rboi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical I Department, \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saint Spiridon Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1766-6082","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Denis","family":"Ple\u0219ca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saint Spiridon Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roxana","family":"Livadariu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Surgery Department, \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"3rd Surgery Department, Saint Spiridon Hospital, 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lidia","family":"Ionescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Surgery Department, \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"3rd Surgery Department, Saint Spiridon Hospital, 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1494","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02070718","article-title":"Carcinoma of the colon","volume":"40","author":"McKittrick","year":"1997","journal-title":"Dis. Colon Rectum"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1159\/000330478","article-title":"Acute Renal Failure in Association with Community-Acquired Clostridium difficile Infection and McKittrick-Wheelock Syndrome","volume":"5","author":"Learney","year":"2011","journal-title":"Case Rep. Gastroneterol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2006.01580.x","article-title":"Emergence of Clostridium difficile-associated disease in North America and Europe","volume":"12","author":"Kuijpur","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2989","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.294.23.2989","article-title":"Use of gastric acid-suppressive agents and the risk of community-acquired Clostridium difficile-associated disease","volume":"204","author":"Dial","year":"2005","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"301","article-title":"McKittrick-Wheelock syndrome: A rare case report of acute renal failure","volume":"89","author":"Mois","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clujul Med."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"e13308","article-title":"McKittrick-Wheelock Syndrome: A Rare Cause of Chronic Diarrhea","volume":"13","author":"Jyala","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-196404000-00021","article-title":"Villous adenoma of the rectum associated with electrolyte disturbance","volume":"159","author":"Eisenberg","year":"1964","journal-title":"Ann. Surg."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01308412","article-title":"Villous adenoma depletion syndrome. Evidence for a cyclic nucleotide-mediated diarrhea","volume":"30","author":"Jacob","year":"1985","journal-title":"Dig. Dis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.159.8.879","article-title":"Secretory villous adenomas that cause depletion syndrome","volume":"159","author":"Older","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1308\/rcsann.2018.0184","article-title":"A systematic review of McKittrick-Wheelock syndrome","volume":"100","author":"Orchard","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. R. Coll. Surg. Engl."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"63","article-title":"McKittrick-Wheelock syndrome\u2014A rare cause of acute renal failure","volume":"14","author":"Popescu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Rom. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"1170","article-title":"Surgical resection of villous adenomas of the rectum","volume":"64","author":"Winburn","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. Surg."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1007\/s10350-004-6748-1","article-title":"Local excision of large rectal villous adenomas","volume":"46","author":"Pigot","year":"2003","journal-title":"Dis. Colon Rectum"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1007\/s00063-002-1203-3","article-title":"The secreting villous adenoma as a rare cause of acute renal failure","volume":"97","author":"Emrich","year":"2002","journal-title":"Med. Klin."}],"container-title":["Diagnostics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/12\/4\/784\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T22:41:21Z","timestamp":1760136081000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/12\/4\/784"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,23]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]}},"alternative-id":["diagnostics12040784"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics12040784","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-4418"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2075-4418"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,23]]}}}