{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T14:56:04Z","timestamp":1781362564422,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":160,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]],"date-time":"2022-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648512000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A significant proportion of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia could develop acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), thus requiring mechanical ventilation, and resulting in a high rate of intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Several complications can arise during an ICU stay, from both COVID-19 infection and the respiratory supporting system, including barotraumas (pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum), superimposed pneumonia, coagulation disorders (pulmonary embolism, venous thromboembolism, hemorrhages and acute ischemic stroke), abdominal involvement (acute mesenteric ischemia, pancreatitis and acute kidney injury) and sarcopenia. Imaging plays a pivotal role in the detection and monitoring of ICU complications and is expanding even to prognosis prediction. The present pictorial review describes the clinicopathological and radiological findings of COVID-19 ARDS in ICU patients and discusses the imaging features of complications related to invasive ventilation support, as well as those of COVID-19 itself in this particularly fragile population. Radiologists need to be familiar with COVID-19\u2019s possible extra-pulmonary complications and, through reliable and constant monitoring, guide therapeutic decisions. Moreover, as more research is pursued and the pathophysiology of COVID-19 is increasingly understood, the role of imaging must evolve accordingly, expanding from the diagnosis and subsequent management of patients to prognosis prediction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12040846","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]],"date-time":"2022-03-29T21:40:14Z","timestamp":1648590014000},"page":"846","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["An Imaging Overview of COVID-19 ARDS in ICU Patients and Its Complications: A Pictorial Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0574-3455","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicol\u00f2","family":"Brandi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni 15, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4827-6810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federica","family":"Ciccarese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni 15, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Rita","family":"Rimondi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardio-Thoracic Radiology Unit, University Hospital S.Orsola-Malpighi, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caterina","family":"Balacchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni 15, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9735-3029","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cecilia","family":"Modolon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardio-Thoracic Radiology Unit, University Hospital S.Orsola-Malpighi, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camilla","family":"Sportoletti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardio-Thoracic Radiology Unit, University Hospital S.Orsola-Malpighi, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1311-5670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matteo","family":"Renzulli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni 15, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8957-4606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Coppola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni 15, 40138 Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"Italian Society of Medical and Interventional Radiology, SIRM Foundation, Via della Signora 2, 20122 Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8809-9989","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rita","family":"Golfieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni 15, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1097\/RTI.0000000000000524","article-title":"Radiological Society of North America Expert Consensus Statement on Reporting Chest CT Findings Related to COVID-19. 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