{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T09:54:25Z","timestamp":1771494865406,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,25]],"date-time":"2022-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650844800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004329","name":"Slovenian Research Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P3-0108, J3-2521"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P3-0108, J3-2521"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pathophysiology of interstitial cystitis\/bladder pain syndrome (IC\/BPS) remains poorly understood, as well as its effective diagnosis and therapy. Studying changes in tissue glycosylation patterns under pathological conditions is a promising way of discovering novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets. The glycobiology of IC\/BPS is largely understudied, therefore we compared glycosylation patterns of normal human urothelium with the urothelium of IC\/BPS patients using a selection of 10 plant-based lectins with different monosaccharide preferences. We also compared lectin binding to human urothelium with the two most cited experimental models of IC\/BPS, specifically, TNF\u03b1-treated human urothelial cell line RT4 and cyclophosphamide-induced chronic cystitis in C57BL6\/J mice. Furthermore, binding of four of the selected lectins (ConA, DSL, Jacalin and WGA) was evaluated qualitatively by means of fluorescence microscopy, and quantitatively by fluorescence intensity (F.I.) measurements. Our results reveal a significant reduction in F.I. of Jacalin, as well as a prominent change in the WGA labeling pattern in the urothelium of IC\/BPS patients, suggesting their potential use as promising additional biomarkers for histopathological diagnosis of IC\/BPS. We have also shown that urothelial glycosylation patterns between selected experimental models and patients with IC\/BPS are similar enough to offer an adequate platform for preclinical study of IC\/BPS glycobiology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12051078","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,25]],"date-time":"2022-04-25T21:16:28Z","timestamp":1650921388000},"page":"1078","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Lectins as Biomarkers of IC\/BPS Disease: A Comparative Study of Glycosylation Patterns in Human Pathologic Urothelium and IC\/BPS Experimental Models"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Dominika","family":"Peskar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4749-594X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tadeja","family":"Kuret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1368-0554","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jera","family":"Jeruc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathology, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreja","family":"Erman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-017-4364-2","article-title":"Etiology, pathophysiology and biomarkers of interstitial cystitis\/painful bladder syndrome","volume":"295","author":"Patnaik","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch. 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