{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T01:09:38Z","timestamp":1769044178854,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,27]],"date-time":"2022-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651017600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this study is to determine the cumulative incidence of, and the risk factors for, the development of nontuberculous mycobacteria pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) following lung cancer surgery. We retrospectively analyzed patients with non-small cell lung cancer who underwent surgical resection between 2010 and 2016. Patients who met all the diagnostic criteria in the NTM guidelines were defined as having NTM-PD. Additionally, we classified participants as NTM-positive when NTM were cultured in respiratory specimens, regardless of the diagnostic criteria. We followed 6503 patients for a median of 4.89 years, and NTM-PD and NTM-positive diagnoses occurred in 59 and 156 patients, respectively. The cumulative incidence rates of NTM-PD and NTM-positive were 2.8% and 5.9% at 10 years, respectively. Mycobacterium avium complex was the most commonly identified pathogen, and half of the NTM-PD patients had cavitary lesions. Several host-related factors (age &gt; 65 years, body mass index \u2264 18.5 kg\/m2, interstitial lung disease, bronchiectasis, and bronchiolitis) and treatment-related factors (postoperative pulmonary complications and neoadjuvant\/adjuvant treatments) were identified as risk factors for developing NTM-PD and\/or being NTM-positive after lung cancer surgery. The incidences of NTM-PD and NTM-positive diagnoses after lung cancer surgery were not low, and half of the NTM-PD patients had cavitary lesions, which are known to progress rapidly and often require treatment. Therefore, it is necessary to raise awareness of NTM-PD development after lung cancer surgery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12051086","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,27]],"date-time":"2022-04-27T13:40:57Z","timestamp":1651066857000},"page":"1086","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Risk Factors for the Development of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Pulmonary Disease during Long-Term Follow-Up after Lung Cancer Surgery"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Bo-Guen","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Irwon-ro 81, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yong Soo","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Irwon-ro 81, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sun Hye","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Irwon-ro 81, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyungjong","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Irwon-ro 81, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sang-Won","family":"Um","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Irwon-ro 81, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hojoong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Irwon-ro 81, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jong Ho","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Irwon-ro 81, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hong Kwan","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Irwon-ro 81, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jhingook","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Irwon-ro 81, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Young Mog","family":"Shim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Irwon-ro 81, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3124-1718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Byeong-Ho","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Irwon-ro 81, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2019.10.001","article-title":"Lung Cancer 2020: Epidemiology, Etiology, and Prevention","volume":"41","author":"Bade","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. 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