{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T14:47:33Z","timestamp":1787064453726,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,3]],"date-time":"2022-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651536000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science and Technology","award":["MOST 109-2218-E-010-003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 109-2218-E-010-003"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and Technology","award":["MOST 110-2622-B-A49-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 110-2622-B-A49-001"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and Technology","award":["MOEA 111-EC-17-A-19-S6-005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOEA 111-EC-17-A-19-S6-005"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Economic Affairs","award":["MOST 109-2218-E-010-003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 109-2218-E-010-003"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Economic Affairs","award":["MOST 110-2622-B-A49-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 110-2622-B-A49-001"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Economic Affairs","award":["MOEA 111-EC-17-A-19-S6-005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOEA 111-EC-17-A-19-S6-005"]}]},{"name":"Taiwan ROC","award":["MOST 109-2218-E-010-003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 109-2218-E-010-003"]}]},{"name":"Taiwan ROC","award":["MOST 110-2622-B-A49-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 110-2622-B-A49-001"]}]},{"name":"Taiwan ROC","award":["MOEA 111-EC-17-A-19-S6-005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOEA 111-EC-17-A-19-S6-005"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We have conducted cervical imaging of uterine and micro-vessel flow velocity waveforms in acute pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) by transvaginal power Doppler ultrasound (TVPDU) in order to explore the associations of sonographic parameters with simple and complex cervicitis. Thirty-eight patients with acute PID (26 with acute simple cervicitis and 12 with complex cervicitis) were enrolled for an assessment of vascular grading of cervix and micro-vessel flow velocity using TVPDU before treatment. Seven parameters, including vascular grading (VG), lowest pulsatility index (PI), resistance index (RI), peak systolic velocity (PS), end diastolic velocity (ED), time average maximum velocity (TAMV), and vascular index (VI = PS\/ED), were measured and recorded. Forty-one healthy patients were assessed as the control group. Vascular grading (VG) was significantly higher in the study group than the control group (p &lt; 0.0001). The PI, RI, and VI were significantly lower in the study group than control group (p &lt; 0.0001). No significant associations were observed between seven sonographic parameters and acute simple or\/and complex cervicitis. For acute simple cervicitis, a PI cutoff of 1.1 had a sensitivity of 85.4% and a specificity of 92.1% (area under ROC curve [AUC], 93.2%). A RI of 0.6 had a sensitivity of 85.4% and a specificity of 78.9% (AUC, 86.1%). A VI of 2.6 had a sensitivity of 85.4% and a specificity of 78.9% (AUC, 84.9%). Power Doppler angiography of micro-vessel flow velocity waveforms in the cervix could represent a practical method to assist the diagnosis of pelvic inflammatory disease presented as acute cervicitis detected on transvaginal ultrasound before medical or surgical treatment. Cervical PI may be a useful index to detect micro-vessel flow velocity waveforms in acute cervicitis and differentiate acute simple cervicitis from complex cervicitis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12051131","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,3]],"date-time":"2022-05-03T08:26:35Z","timestamp":1651566395000},"page":"1131","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Cervical Power Doppler Angiography with Micro Vessel Blood Flow Indices in the Auxiliary Diagnosis of Acute Cervicitis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1036-445X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi-Cheng","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yangming Chiaotung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taiwan IVF Group, Ton-Yen General Hospital, Zhubei 302048, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Gynecology, Koo Foundation SYS Cancer Center, Taipei 112019, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1182-8191","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ching-Hsuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fuyou Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei 100027, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-Li","family":"Ko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nursing Department, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei 242062, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jack Yu-Jen","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taiwan IVF Group, Ton-Yen General Hospital, Zhubei 302048, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiou-Chung","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei 112401, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6048-8541","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peng-Hui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao-Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ching-Hua","family":"Hsiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yangming Chiaotung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fuyou Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei 100027, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Woei-Chyn","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yangming Chiaotung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-5629(95)00013-H","article-title":"The value of transvaginal color Doppler in the assessment of pelvic inflammatory disease","volume":"21","author":"Kupestic","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med. 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