{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T23:35:54Z","timestamp":1782603354071,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,2]],"date-time":"2022-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654128000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Eosinophilic gastroenteritis (EGE) is a subgroup of the eosinophilic gastro-intestinal disorders (EGIDs), characterized by eosinophilic infiltration and chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. These are rare diseases with still incompletely elucidated causes and mechanisms, with frequently delayed diagnosis and variable outcome. Despite increased interest in eosinophilic diseases in recent years, fewer data have been published on EGE and no standardized diagnostic and therapeutic approach exists. This paper reports the case of a young male patient diagnosed with EGE in 2017 based on clinical and histopathological criteria and constantly monitored during five years. Besides gastrointestinal eosinophilic infiltration, biopsies also revealed eosinophilic infiltration of the oesophagus, despite no declared characteristic oesophageal symptoms. We found increased specific IgE to multiple foods and progressive blood hypereosinophilia which preceded EGE diagnosis by three years. The EGE management included selective dietary restrictions and pharmacologic therapy based on daily budesonide non-enteric coated tablets, proton pumps inhibitors, antihistamines, cromoglycate, correction of iron, calcium and vitamin D deficiencies. The clinical outcome was good, while blood eosinophilia and endoscopic appearance remained almost unchanged. After one year the patient complained of respiratory symptoms suggesting asthma, needing continuous combined inhaled therapy. The reported case is illustrative for complex presentation, diagnosis and outcome of a rare case of mucosal chronic EGE associated with oesophageal involvement, peripheral eosinophilia, multiple food allergies and asthma.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12061381","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,2]],"date-time":"2022-06-02T11:05:02Z","timestamp":1654167902000},"page":"1381","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Follow-Up of a Rare Case of Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis Associated with Persistent Blood Eosinophilia and Multiple Food Allergies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0435-6859","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Polliana Mihaela","family":"Leru","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Department 5, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Allergology and Immunology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7290-3300","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vlad Florin","family":"Anton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Allergology and Immunology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1724-5915","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ioana Adriana","family":"Muntean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Allergology and Immunology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen Daniela","family":"Neagoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 200349 Craiova, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dumitru","family":"Matei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Department 5, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-019-08732-1","article-title":"Eosinophilic Gastrointestinal Disorders","volume":"57","author":"Gonsalves","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Rev. Allergy Immunol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.31.1.54","article-title":"Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis: A Clinicopathological Study of Patients with Disease of the Mucosa, Muscle Layer, and Subserosal Tissues","volume":"31","author":"Talley","year":"1990","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.2147\/CEG.S173130","article-title":"Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis: Diagnosis and Clinical perspectives","volume":"12","author":"Sunkara","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1007\/s11894-021-00809-2","article-title":"Eosinophilic Gastritis\/Gastroenteritis","volume":"23","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Gastroenterol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"36","article-title":"Zur Kenntnis der Allergischen Affectionen des Verdauugskanals vom Standpunkt des Chirurgen aus","volume":"188","author":"Kaijser","year":"1937","journal-title":"Arch. Klin. Chir."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1733","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2017.05.050","article-title":"Prevalence of Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis and Colitis in a Population-Based Study, From 2012 to 2017","volume":"15","author":"Mansoor","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1994","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2020.01.060","article-title":"Epidemiology of Nonesophageal Eosinophilic Gastrointestinal Diseases in Symptomatic Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"8","author":"Licari","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. Pract."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-197007000-00003","article-title":"Eosinophilic gastroenteritis","volume":"49","author":"Klein","year":"1970","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2014.07.026","article-title":"Histologic Eosinophilic Gastritis Is a Systemic Disorder Associated with Blood and Extragastric Eosinophilia, TH2 immunity, and a Unique Gastric Transcriptome","volume":"134","author":"Caldwell","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.182.4.1169","article-title":"Cooperation Between Interleukin-5 and the Chemokine Eotaxin to Induce Eosinophil Accumulation in Vivo","volume":"182","author":"Collins","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2007.11.010","article-title":"Eosinophils and Allergic Diseases of the Gastrointestinal Tract","volume":"22","author":"Bischoff","year":"2008","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"377","article-title":"Persistent Blood Eosinophilia and Eosinophil Activation Marker in a Severe Case of Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis Associated with Multiple Food Allergies","volume":"26","author":"Leru","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rev. Rom. Med. Lab."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1159\/000354147","article-title":"Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis: Review of a Rare and Treatable Disease of the Gastrointestinal Tract","volume":"7","author":"Mori","year":"2013","journal-title":"Case Rep. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2010.04.022","article-title":"A Shift in the Clinical Spectrum of Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis toward the Mucosal Disease Type","volume":"8","author":"Chang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5061","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v19.i31.5061","article-title":"Eosinophilic gastroenteritis: An unusual type of gastroenteritis","volume":"19","author":"Ingle","year":"2013","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2813","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v9.i12.2813","article-title":"Eosinophilic gastroenteritis: Clinical experience with 15 patients","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2003","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2024","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-019-05961-4","article-title":"Association Between Endoscopic and Histologic Findings in a Multicenter Retrospective Cohort of Patients with Non-Esophageal Eosinophilic Gastrointestinal Disorders","volume":"65","author":"Pesek","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dig. Dis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(18)30005-0","article-title":"Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis and Other Eosinophilic Gut Diseases Distal to the Oesophagus","volume":"3","author":"Walker","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2010.221","article-title":"Eosinophilic Gastritis: Histopathological Characterization and Quantification of the Normal Gastric Eosinophil Content","volume":"24","author":"Lwin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mod. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000000370","article-title":"The Number and Distribution of Eosinophils in the Adult Human Gastrointestinal Tract","volume":"39","author":"Matsushita","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Surg. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2011.07.017","article-title":"Natural History of Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis","volume":"9","author":"Gonzalez","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.4292\/wjgpt.v7.i4.513","article-title":"Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis: Approach to Diagnosis and Management","volume":"7","author":"Rached","year":"2016","journal-title":"World J. Gastrointest. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/s13601-019-0277-4","article-title":"Eosinophilic Disorders: Evaluation of Current Classification and Diagnostic Criteria, Proposal of a Practical Diagnostic Algorithm","volume":"9","author":"Leru","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Allergy"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.13463","article-title":"Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis: A State-of-the-Art Review","volume":"32","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000001241","article-title":"Clinical and Pathological Profile of Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis","volume":"31","author":"Sato","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60254-3","article-title":"Coeliac Disease","volume":"373","author":"Corazza","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-018-4978-7","article-title":"Impact on Health-Related Quality of Life in Adults with Eosinophilic Gastritis and Gastroenteritis: A Qualitative Assessment","volume":"63","author":"Bedell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dig. Dis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s40629-014-0004-6","article-title":"Food Allergies Resulting from Immunological Cross-Reactivity with Inhalant Allergens","volume":"23","author":"Worm","year":"2014","journal-title":"Allergo J. Int."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1007\/s11938-007-0055-6","article-title":"Food Allergies","volume":"10","author":"Bischoff","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr. Treat. Options Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000000766","article-title":"Efficacy of Dietary Treatment for Inducing Disease Remission in Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis","volume":"61","author":"Lucendo","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Pediatric Gastroenterol. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(09)61276-2","article-title":"S1861 A Prospective Clinical Trial of Six Food Elimination Diet or Elemental Diet in the Treatment of Adults with Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis","volume":"136","author":"Gonsalves","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2014.11.009","article-title":"Clinical Characteristics, Treatment Outcomes, and Resource Utilization in Children and Adults with Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis","volume":"47","author":"Reed","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dig. Liver. Dis."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1097\/00042737-200104000-00021","article-title":"Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis Treated with Non-Enteric-Coated Budesonide Tablets","volume":"13","author":"Tan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2014.166","article-title":"Eosinophilic Gastritis in Children: Clinicopathological Correlation, Disease Course, and Response to Therapy","volume":"109","author":"Ko","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2019.11.018","article-title":"Future Therapies for Eosinophilic Gastrointestinal Disorders","volume":"124","author":"Pesek","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.18176\/jiaci.0682","article-title":"Dupilumab: A Review of Present Indication and Off-Label Uses","volume":"32","author":"Moreno","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Investig. Allergol. Clin. Immunol."}],"container-title":["Diagnostics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/12\/6\/1381\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T23:23:58Z","timestamp":1760138638000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/12\/6\/1381"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,2]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]}},"alternative-id":["diagnostics12061381"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics12061381","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-4418"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2075-4418","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,2]]}}}