{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:01:15Z","timestamp":1760238075770,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,8]],"date-time":"2022-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654646400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"major new medical technology in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University","award":["XJYFY-2019ZD10","2018YBXM-SF-12-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XJYFY-2019ZD10","2018YBXM-SF-12-5"]}]},{"name":"the Key Point Research Project of Shaanxi Province","award":["XJYFY-2019ZD10","2018YBXM-SF-12-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XJYFY-2019ZD10","2018YBXM-SF-12-5"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sarcoidosis is a multi-system disease of unknown etiology that typically occurs in middle-aged adults, often presenting as the formation of granulomas in various organs, including the lungs. Non-typical pulmonary sarcoidosis is rare, and it isnecessary to distinguish its imaging features from lung cancer and tuberculosis. They may appear as an irregular mass with multiple nodules on thoracic computed tomography (CT). In this case, primary lung cancer was suspected in a 57-year-old papillary thyroid carcinoma patient, as the pulmonary lesions were non-radioiodine avid and progressed shortly afterward. The asymmetrical focal uptake that was demonstrated in integrin receptor imaging (99mTc-PEG4-E[PEG4-c(RGDfK)]2 (99mTc-3PRGD2)) warranted flexible-bronchoscope biopsy. Meanwhile, no evidence of malignancy was found, and pathological manifestations led to the subsequent six months of anti-tuberculosis treatment. Combined with the fact that standard anti-tuberculosis showed no improvement, and the patient\u2019s condition was stabilized by corticosteroid treatment alone, a final diagnosis of sarcoidosis was made by an MDT (multidisciplinary consultation). Reported herein is the first case of a hyper vascularization condition within the non-typical asymmetrical sarcoidosis lesions, which should help to establish that the uptake of 3PRDG2 in sarcoidosis can avoid imaging pitfalls.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12061419","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,10]],"date-time":"2022-06-10T00:22:39Z","timestamp":1654820559000},"page":"1419","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sarcoidosis Mimicking Primary Lung Cancer on 99mTc-3PRGD2 Scintigraphy in a PTC Patient"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Ye","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuanbo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"222","article-title":"Radiological manifestations of primary lymphoma of the lung: A report of four cases","volume":"34","author":"Xin","year":"2007","journal-title":"China Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.111.098988","article-title":"99mTc-3PRGD2 for integrin receptor imaging of lung cancer: A multicenter study","volume":"53","author":"Zhu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S\u00e8ve, P., Pacheco, Y., Durupt, F., Jamilloux, Y., Gerfaud-Valentin, M., Isaac, S., Boussel, L., Calender, A., Androdias, G., and Valeyre, D. (2021). Sarcoidosis: A clinical overview from symptoms to diagnosis. Cells, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10040766"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1016\/S0929-6646(10)60082-4","article-title":"Intra-abdominal complications of sarcoidosis","volume":"109","author":"MacArthur","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Formos. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1097\/RLU.0000000000002408","article-title":"FDG PET\/CT Course of Pembrolizumab-Associated Multiorgan Sarcoidosis","volume":"44","author":"Lu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e416","DOI":"10.1097\/RLU.0000000000003185","article-title":"68Ga-DOTATOC PET for Treatment Efficacy Evaluation of Cardiac Sarcoidosis","volume":"45","author":"Alessio","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1097\/RLU.0000000000001543","article-title":"PSMA Uptake in Mediastinal Sarcoidosis","volume":"42","author":"Ardies","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1097\/RLU.0000000000003274","article-title":"18F-FBPA PET in Sarcoidosis: Comparison to Inflammation-Related Uptake on FDG PET","volume":"45","author":"Watabe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"5139","article-title":"Arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD)-peptide binds to both tumor and tumor-endothelial cells in vivo","volume":"62","author":"Zitzmann","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2005.15.1011","article-title":"Differential pattern of integrin receptor expression in differentiated and anaplastic thyroid cancer cell lines","volume":"15","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2005","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-19036-9","article-title":"Clinical Value of 99mTc-3PRGD2 SPECT\/CT in Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma with Negative 131I Whole-Body Scan and Elevated Thyroglobulin Level","volume":"8","author":"Gao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.22356","article-title":"\u03b1V\u03b23 integrin regulates macrophage inflammatory responses via PI3 kinase\/ Akt-dependent NF-\u03baB activation","volume":"226","author":"Antonov","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."}],"container-title":["Diagnostics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/12\/6\/1419\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T23:26:12Z","timestamp":1760138772000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/12\/6\/1419"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,8]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]}},"alternative-id":["diagnostics12061419"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics12061419","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-4418"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2075-4418"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,8]]}}}