{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T13:30:53Z","timestamp":1791639053032,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":139,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,20]],"date-time":"2022-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655683200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The world is grappling with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the causative agent of which is severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). COVID-19 symptoms are similar to the common cold, including fever, sore throat, cough, muscle and chest pain, brain fog, dyspnoea, anosmia, ageusia, and headache. The manifestation of the disease can vary from being asymptomatic to severe life-threatening conditions warranting hospitalization and ventilation support. Furthermore, the emergence of mutecated variants of concern (VOCs) is paramount to the devastating effect of the pandemic. This highly contagious virus and its emergent variants challenge the available advanced viral diagnostic methods for high-accuracy testing with faster result yields. This review is to shed light on the natural history, pathology, molecular biology, and efficient diagnostic methods of COVID-19, detecting SARS-CoV-2 in collected samples. We reviewed the gold standard RT-qPCR method for COVID-19 diagnosis to confer a better understanding and application to combat the COVID-19 pandemic. This comprehensive review may further develop awareness about the management of the COVID-19 pandemic.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12061503","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,21]],"date-time":"2022-06-21T01:43:27Z","timestamp":1655775807000},"page":"1503","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":122,"title":["COVID-19 Diagnosis: A Comprehensive Review of the RT-qPCR Method for Detection of SARS-CoV-2"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6038-2416","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Debashis","family":"Dutta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3961-5489","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Naiyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60616, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabanaz","family":"Mansuri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IDEAS Dental College Gwalior, Gwalior 474020, MP, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4191-6723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neeraj","family":"Soni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5368-6200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vandana","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khalid Hussain","family":"Bhat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SKUAST Kashmir, Division of Basic Science and Humanities, Faculty of Agriculture, Wadura Sopore 193201, JK, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8466-8862","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nishant","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cell and Gene Therapy Absorption System, Exton, PA 19335, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gunjan","family":"Arora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1854-931X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. Shahid","family":"Mansuri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2001017","article-title":"A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China, 2019","volume":"382","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1071\/MA20013","article-title":"COVID-19: A novel zoonotic disease caused by a coronavirus from China: What we know and What we don\u2019t","volume":"41","author":"Mackenzie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microbiol. 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