{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T22:52:01Z","timestamp":1775775121046,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,20]],"date-time":"2022-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655683200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The collum angle (CA) is an extremely significant for patients who are undergoing orthodontic, dental implant restoration, prosthodontic and periodontic treatments. Aim and Objectives: To determine and compare the mean CA for maxillary central incisor in different types of malocclusion utilizing 3D Cone Beam Computerized Tomography (CBCT) images. The additional objectives were to determine and compare the mean CA for maxillary central incisor based upon the demographic characteristics among Saudi, Jordan and Egypt subpopulation and to test for significant differences in the CA of maxillary central incisor with different molar malocclusions. Methodology: A total of 400 CBCT images were included from the radiology archive at the College of Dentistry, Jouf University (Sakaka, Saudi Arabia). The CBCT images were divided into four groups based upon molar classifications. The selected records were used for the measurement of CA of maxillary central incisor using the measurement tool built into 3D:OnDemand software. Statistical analysis was done using independent t test and ANOVA to examine the differences between gender and races. Results: The mean CA for Class II div 2 exhibited significantly higher crown-root variation as compared other groups (p &lt; 0.0001). Males sample showed greater value of CA for each group as compared to the females and this difference was statistically significant for all the groups other than for Class I (p &lt; 0.05). The post hoc pairwise comparisons between the races showed statistically insignificant findings (p &gt; 0.05). Significant difference was found on pairwise comparisons among different malocclusion groups other than for group Class I\/Class II div 1 (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusion: The CA of Class II div 2 group was the greatest as compared to other malocclusion groups. Males sample showed greater value of CA for each group as compared to the females and this difference was statistically significant for all the groups other than for Class I. Statistically insignificant difference was noted for the mean CA among different races whereas significant difference was found on pairwise comparisons among different malocclusion groups other than for group Class I\/Class II div 1.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12061506","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,21]],"date-time":"2022-06-21T01:43:27Z","timestamp":1655775807000},"page":"1506","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Cone Beam Computerized Tomographic Analysis of Collum Angle of the Maxillary Central Incisors in Different Types of Malocclusion: Comparative Assessment in Saudi, Jordan and Egypt Subpopulation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0046-3529","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rakhi","family":"Issrani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Namdeo","family":"Prabhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sunitha","family":"Siddanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Dentistry, JSS Dental College and Hospital, Mysore 570015, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah Hatab","family":"Alanazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7131-1752","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Khursheed","family":"Alam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Center of Transdisciplinary Research (CFTR), Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 602105, India"},{"name":"Department of Public Health, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1341, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manay Srinivas","family":"Munisekhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"May Othman","family":"Hamza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Reham Fawzi Dawood","family":"Shabanah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Dentist, South Faysaliah PHC, Arar 73211, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rasha Saleh Ali","family":"Gadh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Researcher, Arar 73211, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(84)90273-2","article-title":"Variability in three morphologic features of the permanent maxillary central incisor","volume":"86","author":"Bryant","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am. 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