{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T23:58:31Z","timestamp":1771372711923,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,24]],"date-time":"2022-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656028800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Physicians often encounter patients with unexplained muscle weakness and dysphagia. Lambert\u2013Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) can cause unexplained weakness or dysphagia and is often accompanied by neoplastic conditions. A 64-year-old man who had several risk factors\u201414 kg weight loss over the last 4 years, 20 years of experience working as a coal miner, and being a 50 pack-year ex-smoker\u2014complained of dysphagia, intermittent diplopia, mild weakness, and hypotonia. The initial computed tomography (CT) and follow-up positron emission tomography (PET) CT did not reveal any malignancy. After continuous follow-up for this LEMS, small-cell lung cancer (SCLC, cTxN1M0) was found on a serial follow-up chest CT 21 months after the LEMS diagnosis. The patient was treated with chemotherapy. LEMS is rare and is often accompanied by malignancy. This case highlights the importance of being concerned about LEMS diagnoses and of long-term follow-up for unexplained LEMS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12071542","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,25]],"date-time":"2022-06-25T10:39:13Z","timestamp":1656153553000},"page":"1542","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Long-Standing Lambert\u2013Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome Caused by Undetectable Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Why We Should Follow-Up LEMS"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Bo Young","family":"Hong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, St Vincent\u2019s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ho Jung","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent\u2019s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5475-4153","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seong Hoon","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, St Vincent\u2019s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(11)70245-9","article-title":"Lambert\u2013Eaton myasthenic syndrome: From clinical characteristics to therapeutic strategies","volume":"10","author":"Titulaer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.01.008","article-title":"Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome","volume":"36","author":"Kesner","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurol. Clin."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)76153-5","article-title":"Favourable prognosis in Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome and small-cell lung carcinoma","volume":"353","author":"Maddison","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2006.03.008","article-title":"Neuromyotonia","volume":"117","author":"Maddison","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1854","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-017-8541-9","article-title":"Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS): A rare autoimmune presynaptic disorder often associated with cancer","volume":"264","author":"Schoser","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10546","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-67571-9","article-title":"Lung cancer prediction in Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome in a prospective cohort","volume":"10","author":"Maddison","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e10976","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000010976","article-title":"Coexistence of myasthenia gravis and Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome in a small cell lung cancer patient: A case report","volume":"97","author":"Jia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gonzalez-Gronow, M., and Pizzo, S.V. (2022). Physiological Roles of the Autoantibodies to the 78-Kilodalton Glucose-Regulated Protein (GRP78) in Cancer and Autoimmune Diseases. Biomedicines, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10061222"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Giannoccaro, M.P., Avoni, P., and Liguori, R. (2021). Presynaptic Paraneoplastic Disorders of the Neuromuscular Junction: An Update. Brain Sci., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci11081035"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2004.12.013","article-title":"MG and LEMS overlap syndrome: Case report with electrophysiological and immunological evidence","volume":"116","author":"Oh","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."}],"container-title":["Diagnostics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/12\/7\/1542\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T23:39:27Z","timestamp":1760139567000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/12\/7\/1542"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,24]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]}},"alternative-id":["diagnostics12071542"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics12071542","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-4418"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2075-4418","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,24]]}}}