{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T18:47:52Z","timestamp":1790707672719,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,12]],"date-time":"2022-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657584000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Scientific Research Deanship at the University of Hail, Saudi Arabia","award":["RG-20143"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RG-20143"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) are some of the most common hospital-acquired infections (HAIs). Prolonged hospitalization, invasive devices such as catheters, and irrational use of antimicrobial agents are believed to be the major causes of high rates of HAIs. Infections such as pyelonephritis, urethritis, cystitis, and prostatitis are the main concerns in catheterized ICU patients. In these cases, Gram-negative bacteria are the most common bacteria. The present study was undertaken to determine the frequency, antibiograms, disease pattern, and risk factors involved in providing an advocacy recommendation to prevent CAUTI. A total of 1078 patients were admitted to the hospital ICU, out of which healthcare-associated infection was reported in 316 patients. CAUTI was reported only in 70 patients. Klebsiella pneumoniae (20%) was the predominant isolate, with Serratia (3%) and Providencia (3%) species being the least common isolates in this study. The present study provides CAUTI incidence rates in a tertiary care hospital in Hail, Saudi Arabia. Furthermore, information on the risk factors of common associated CAUTI causative organisms and their antibiogram patterns are also presented. This study provides vital information that can be used to formulate an effective antibiotic stewardship program that can be implemented throughout the kingdom.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12071695","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,12]],"date-time":"2022-07-12T03:50:36Z","timestamp":1657597836000},"page":"1695","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection in Intensive Care Unit Patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital, Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2813-6279","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohd","family":"Saleem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Hail, Hail 55211, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1594-1826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Azharuddin Sajid","family":"Syed Khaja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Hail, Hail 55211, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashfaque","family":"Hossain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah 11172, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fahaad","family":"Alenazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Hail, Hail 55211, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3749-6754","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kamaleldin B.","family":"Said","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Hail, Hail 55211, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soha Abdallah","family":"Moursi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Hail, Hail 55211, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Homoud Abdulmohsin","family":"Almalaq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hail Health Cluster, King Khalid Hospital, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5666-3140","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hamza","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Hail, Hail 55211, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ehab","family":"Rakha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Department, King Khalid Hospital, Hail 55421, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunit Kumar","family":"Mishra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ayurveda Consultant, King George\u2019s Medical University, Lucknow 226003, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2014.04.003","article-title":"Healthcare associated infections (HAI) perspectives","volume":"7","author":"Tambyah","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. 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