{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T03:58:07Z","timestamp":1784865487969,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,15]],"date-time":"2022-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657843200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science and Technology","award":["NMRPG3K0031"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NMRPG3K0031"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and Technology","award":["CMRPG3K2321"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMRPG3K2321"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012553","name":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NMRPG3K0031"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NMRPG3K0031"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012553","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012553","name":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CMRPG3K2321"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMRPG3K2321"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012553","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is characterised by repetitive episodes of upper airway collapse and breathing cessation during sleep. Empty nose syndrome (ENS) is a surgically iatrogenic phenomenon of paradoxical nasal obstruction despite an objectively patent nasal airway. This study aimed to investigate sleep quality and the presence of OSA in ENS patients. Forty-eight ENS patients underwent full-night polysomnography. Total nasal resistance (TNR) was determined using anterior rhinomanometry. Symptoms and quality of life were evaluated by the empty nose syndrome 6-item questionnaire (ENS6Q), Sino-Nasal Outcome Test-22 (SNOT-22), and Epworth Sleepiness Scale questionnaires (ESS). Fourteen, twelve, and fourteen patients had mild, moderate, and severe OSA, respectively. The apnoea\u2013hypopnoea index (AHI) and the lowest SpO2 were 23.8 \u00b1 22.4\/h and 85.9 \u00b1 11.1%, respectively. N1, N2, N3 and rapid-eye-movement sleep comprised 30.2 \u00b1 16.9%, 47.3 \u00b1 15.5%, 2.1 \u00b1 5.4%, and 20.0 \u00b1 8.1% of the total sleep time. Body mass index, neck circumference, serum total immunoglobulin E, and ENS6Q score were significantly associated with AHI in the regression analysis. The ENS6Q scores correlated positively with AHI, arousal index, and ESS score, but negatively with TNR. ENS patients showed a high OSA prevalence and significant sleep impairment. The extent of OSA was associated with obesity levels and ENS symptom severity. The ENS6Q scores correlated negatively with nasal resistance, and positively with arousal frequency and daytime sleepiness. The recognition of individuals experiencing marked OSA and provision of appropriate intervention is critical to preventing long-term morbidity and mortality, and improving therapeutic outcomes in ENS patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12071720","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,17]],"date-time":"2022-07-17T21:00:28Z","timestamp":1658091628000},"page":"1720","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Identifying Obstructive Sleep Apnoea in Patients with Empty Nose Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4188-3498","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chien-Chia","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rhinology, Department of Otolaryngology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33382, Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33301, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33301, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pei-Wen","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rhinology, Department of Otolaryngology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33382, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33301, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chi-Cheng","family":"Chuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33382, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng-Chi","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33382, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9617-335X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yun-Shien","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genomic Medicine Research Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33382, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Ming Chuan University, Taoyuan 11103, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Po-Hung","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rhinology, Department of Otolaryngology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33382, Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33301, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chia-Hsiang","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rhinology, Department of Otolaryngology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33382, Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33301, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chi-Che","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rhinology, Department of Otolaryngology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33382, Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33301, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0508-1359","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ta-Jen","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rhinology, Department of Otolaryngology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33382, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Xiamen Chang Gung Hospital, Xiamen 361028, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1442","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1816152","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea in adults","volume":"380","author":"Veasey","year":"2019","journal-title":"N. 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