{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T10:15:03Z","timestamp":1782296103951,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,2]],"date-time":"2022-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659398400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sialography is used for diagnosis of obstructive salivary gland diseases and prior to sialendoscopy. Three-dimensional cone beam computerized tomography (CBCT) sialography allows imaging and measurement of salivary duct structures. Salivary gland endoscopy has a long learning curve. The aim of this retrospective study is to create an anatomical quantitative guide of different distances and angles significant for endoscopy. Twenty-six CBCT sialographies of healthy parotid ducts were included. Outcome parameters included diameters, distances, angles and number of minor tributaries. Results show the average distance from the papilla to the curvature of the gland was 41.5 mm (Q1 36.97 mm\u2013Q3 45.32 mm), with an angle of 126.9\u00b0 (Q1 107.58\u00b0\u2013Q3 135.6\u00b0) of the curvature and a distance of 35.25 mm (\u00b17.81 mm) between the curvature and the hilus. The mean width of the duct was 0.8 mm (Q1 0.7 mm\u2013Q3 1.15 mm) at its narrowest and 2 mm (Q1 1.4 mm\u2013Q3 2.2 mm) at its widest. This is the first anatomical quantitative study of the parotid duct in relation to sialendoscopy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12081868","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,2]],"date-time":"2022-08-02T21:41:37Z","timestamp":1659476497000},"page":"1868","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Anatomical Features of the Parotid Duct in Sialography as an Aid to Endoscopy\u2014A Retrospective Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Gal","family":"Avishai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rabin Medical Center, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva 49414, Israel"},{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6521-2416","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad","family":"Younes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanna","family":"Gilat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rabin Medical Center, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva 49414, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leon","family":"Gillman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rabin Medical Center, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva 49414, Israel"},{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vadim","family":"Reiser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rabin Medical Center, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva 49414, Israel"},{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5334-2835","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eli","family":"Rosenfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rabin Medical Center, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva 49414, Israel"},{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9176-4978","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gavriel","family":"Chaushu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rabin Medical Center, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva 49414, Israel"},{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daya","family":"Masri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rabin Medical Center, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva 49414, Israel"},{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4369","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-020-03750-2","article-title":"The unique characteristics of sialolithiasis following drug-induced hyposalivation","volume":"25","author":"Avishai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Oral. Investig."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.129.9.951","article-title":"Sialolithiasis management: The state of the art","volume":"129","author":"Marchal","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch. Otolaryngol. Head Neck. Surg."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2010.03.002","article-title":"Imaging the major salivary glands","volume":"49","author":"Burke","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/cpf.12199","article-title":"Imaging of the major salivary glands","volume":"36","author":"Afzelius","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Physiol. Funct. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.5624\/isd.20200313","article-title":"Three-dimensional cone-beam computed tomographic sialography in the diagnosis and management of primary Sjogren syndrome: Report of 3 cases","volume":"51","author":"Thomas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Imaging Sci. Dent."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A1653","article-title":"Conebeam CT of the head and neck, part 1: Physical principles","volume":"30","author":"Miracle","year":"2009","journal-title":"AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"728","article-title":"Standardization of terminology, imaging features, and interpretation of CBCT sialography of major salivary glands: A clinical review","volume":"52","author":"Keshet","year":"2021","journal-title":"Quintessence Int."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2009.09.044","article-title":"Modern sialography for screening of salivary gland obstruction","volume":"68","author":"Hasson","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1394","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-2391(99)90716-4","article-title":"Endoscopic technique for the diagnosis and treatment of obstructive salivary gland diseases","volume":"57","author":"Nahlieli","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1007\/s12070-013-0675-1","article-title":"Sialendoscopy: Introduction, indications and technique","volume":"66","author":"Singh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Indian J. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-2391(96)90309-2","article-title":"The relationship of the buccal branch of the facial nerve to the parotid duct","volume":"54","author":"Pogrel","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.20011","article-title":"Surgical anatomy of the parotid duct with emphasis on the major tributaries forming the duct and the relationship of the facial nerve to the duct","volume":"17","author":"Richards","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Anat."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2012.11.003","article-title":"The salivary ducts of Wharton and Stenson: Analysis of normal variant sialographic morphometry and a historical review","volume":"195","author":"Horsburgh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann. Anat."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1259\/0007-1285-56-672-901","article-title":"The anatomy of the facial nerve in relation to CT\/sialography of the parotid gland","volume":"56","author":"Conn","year":"1983","journal-title":"Br. J. Radiol."}],"container-title":["Diagnostics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/12\/8\/1868\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:01:09Z","timestamp":1760140869000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/12\/8\/1868"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,2]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]}},"alternative-id":["diagnostics12081868"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics12081868","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-4418"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2075-4418","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,2]]}}}