{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T00:57:41Z","timestamp":1791593861554,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":112,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,19]],"date-time":"2022-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660867200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Tshwane University of Technology, South Africa"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease that affects the neural, behavioral, and physiological systems of the brain. This disease is also known as tremor. The common symptoms of this disease are a slowness of movement known as \u2018bradykinesia\u2019, loss of automatic movements, speech\/writing changes, and difficulty with walking at early stages. To solve these issues and to enhance the diagnostic process of PD, machine learning (ML) algorithms have been implemented for the categorization of subjective disease and healthy controls (HC) with comparable medical appearances. To provide a far-reaching outline of data modalities and artificial intelligence techniques that have been utilized in the analysis and diagnosis of PD, we conducted a literature analysis of research papers published up until 2022. A total of 112 research papers were included in this study, with an examination of their targets, data sources and different types of datasets, ML algorithms, and associated outcomes. The results showed that ML approaches and new biomarkers have a lot of promise for being used in clinical decision-making, resulting in a more systematic and informed diagnosis of PD. In this study, some major challenges were addressed along with a future recommendation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12082003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,21]],"date-time":"2022-08-21T21:05:51Z","timestamp":1661115951000},"page":"2003","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":92,"title":["Imperative Role of Machine Learning Algorithm for Detection of Parkinson\u2019s Disease: Review, Challenges and Recommendations"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6597-5720","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arti","family":"Rana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science & Engineering, Veer Madho Singh Bhandari Uttarakhand Technical University, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ankur","family":"Dumka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Women Institute of Technology, Uttarakhand Technical University (UTU), Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3164-8905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rajesh","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Research and Innovation, Uttaranchal Institute of Technology, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India"},{"name":"Department of Project Management, Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana, Campeche 24560, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manoj Kumar","family":"Panda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, G.B. Pant Institute of Engineering and Technology, Pauri 246194, Uttarakhand, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6620-6771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neeraj","family":"Priyadarshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, JIS College of Engineering, Kolkata 741235, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3452-9581","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bhekisipho","family":"Twala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Digital Transformation Portfolio, Tshwane University of Technology, Staatsartillerie Rd, Pretoria West, Pretoria 0183, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alzubaidi, M.S., Shah, U., DhiaZubaydi, H., Dolaat, K., Abd-Alrazaq, A.A., Ahmed, A., and Househ, M. 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