{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T02:26:35Z","timestamp":1772504795668,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,23]],"date-time":"2022-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661212800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Skull base osteomyelitis (SBO) is an uncommon infection that can have a devastating impact on patient survival if not timely recognized and treated [...]<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12092035","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,23]],"date-time":"2022-08-23T21:05:12Z","timestamp":1661288712000},"page":"2035","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Could [18F]FDG PET\/CT or PET\/MRI Be Useful in Patients with Skull Base Osteomyelitis?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4839-9033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Dondi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuclear Medicine, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0810-6494","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Domenico","family":"Albano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuclear Medicine, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Brescia and ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9808-780X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giorgio","family":"Treglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, Imaging Institute of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland"},{"name":"Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Universit\u00e0 della Svizzera Italiana, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Bertagna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuclear Medicine, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Brescia and ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.06.002","article-title":"Imaging of Acute and Chronic Skull Base Infection","volume":"4","author":"Vaidyanathan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuroimag. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcy068","article-title":"Fatal invasive otitis with skull base osteomyelitis caused by Saksenaea variform","volume":"111","author":"Marechal","year":"2018","journal-title":"QJM"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s40134-018-0263-y","article-title":"Advanced Imaging Techniques in Skull Base Osteomyelitis Due to Malignant Otitis Externa","volume":"6","author":"Bothof","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Radiol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Park, Y.L., Cho, S., and Kim, J.W. (2021). Mucormycosis originated total maxillary and cranial base osteonecrosis: A possible misdiagnosis to malignancy. BMC Oral Health, 2.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-021-01411-8"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Albano, D., Dondi, F., Mazzoletti, A., Bellini, P., Rodella, C., and Bertagna, F. (2021). Prognostic Role of 2-[18F]FDG PET\/CT Metabolic Volume Parameters in Patients Affected by Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma with High Thyroglobulin Level, Negative 131I WBS and Positive 2-[18F]-FDG PET\/CT. Diagnostics, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics11122189"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Song, Y.H., Moon, J.W., Kim, Y.N., Woo, J.Y., Son, H.J., Lee, S.H., and Hwang, H.S. (2022). Tissue Fraction Correction and Visual Analysis Increase Diagnostic Sensitivity in Predicting Malignancy of Ground-Glass Nodules on [18F]FDG PET\/CT: A Bicenter Retrospective Study. Diagnostics, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12051292"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beukinga, R.J., Poelmann, F.B., Kats-Ugurlu, G., Viddeleer, A.R., Boellaard, R., De Haas, R.J., Plukker, J.T.M., and Hulshoff, J.B. (2022). Prediction of Non-Response to Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy in Esophageal Cancer Patients with 18F-FDG PET Radiomics Based Machine Learning Classification. Diagnostics, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12051070"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Albano, D., Pasinetti, N., Dondi, F., Giubbini, R., Tucci, A., and Bertagna, F. (2022). Prognostic Role of Pre-Treatment Metabolic Parameters and Sarcopenia Derived by 2-[18F]-FDG PET\/CT in Elderly Mantle Cell Lymphoma. J. Clin. Med., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11051210"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dondi, F., Pasinetti, N., Gatta, R., Albano, D., Giubbini, R., and Bertagna, F. (2022). Comparison between Two Different Scanners for the Evaluation of the Role of 18F-FDG PET\/CT Semiquantitative Parameters and Radiomics Features in the Prediction of Final Diagnosis of Thyroid Incidentalomas. J. Clin. Med., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11030615"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Albano, D., Gatta, R., Marini, M., Rodella, C., Camoni, L., Dondi, F., Giubbini, R., and Bertagna, F. (2021). Role of 18F-FDG PET\/CT Radiomics Features in the Differential Diagnosis of Solitary Pulmonary Nodules: Diagnostic Accuracy and Comparison between Two Different PET\/CT Scanners. J. Clin. Med., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10215064"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1097\/MNM.0000000000001508","article-title":"18F-FDG PET\/CT for the evaluation of male breast cancer: A systematic review","volume":"43","author":"Dondi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nucl. Med. Commun."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3018349","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/3018349","article-title":"Diagnostic Performance of 18F-FDG PET\/CT in Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases according to Published Meta-Analyses","volume":"2019","author":"Treglia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Contrast Media Mol. Imag."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Trivi\u00f1o-Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez, E.M., Jim\u00e9nez-Rodr\u00edguez, B.M., Rudolphi-Solero, T., Garc\u00eda-Rivero, E.Y., Rodr\u00edguez-Fern\u00e1ndez, A., Llamas-Elvira, J.M., G\u00f3mez-R\u00edo, M., and Morales-Garc\u00eda, C. (2022). [18F]FDG PET\/CT in Short-Term Complications of COVID-19: Metabolic Markers of Persistent Inflammation and Impaired Respiratory Function. Diagnostics, 12.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202203.0227.v1"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kamani, C.H., Allenbach, G., Jreige, M., Pavon, A.G., Meyer, M., Testart, N., Firsova, M., Fernandes Vieira, V., Boughdad, S., and Nicod Lalonde, M. (2020). Diagnostic Performance of 18F-FDG PET\/CT in Native Valve Endocarditis: Systematic Review and Bivariate Meta-Analysis. Diagnostics, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics10100754"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fr\u00f6hlich, M., Serfling, S., Higuchi, T., Pomper, M.G., Rowe, S.P., Schmalzing, M., Tony, H.-P., Gernert, M., Strunz, P.-P., and Portegys, J. (2021). Whole-Body [18F]FDG PET\/CT Can Alter Diagnosis in Patients with Suspected Rheumatic Disease. Diagnostics, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics11112073"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1007\/s40336-021-00445-w","article-title":"State of the art of 18F-FDG PET\/CT application in inflammation and infection: A guide for image acquisition and interpretation","volume":"9","author":"Casali","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Imag."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1097\/MNM.0000000000001566","article-title":"18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET and PET\/computed tomography for the evaluation of immunoglobulin G4-related disease: A systematic review","volume":"43","author":"Dondi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nucl. Med. Commun."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2020.09.021","article-title":"Meta-Analysis of the Diagnostic Performance of 18F-FDG-PET\/CT Imaging in Native Valve Endocarditis","volume":"14","author":"Albano","year":"2021","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc. Imag."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1097\/MNM.0000000000001187","article-title":"In the evaluation of patients with skull base osteomyelitis, does 18F-FDG PET CT have a role?","volume":"41","author":"Kulkarni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nucl. Med. Commun."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anorl.2019.09.010","article-title":"Aspergillus necrotizing otitis externa with temporomandibulozygomatic involvement","volume":"137","author":"Noroy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Ann. Otorhinolaryngol. Head Neck Dis."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.2176\/nmc.51.64","article-title":"Atypical osteomyelitis of the skull base and craniovertebral junction caused by Actinomyces infection--case report","volume":"51","author":"Nomura","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurol. Med. Chir."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1159\/000500240","article-title":"Severe Daily Headache as an Uncommon Manifestation of Widespread Skull Base Osteomyelitis","volume":"11","author":"Treurniet","year":"2019","journal-title":"Case Rep. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2025","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-018-4055-7","article-title":"A rare presentation of skull-base osteomyelitis with neurovascular sheath extension following external otitis resolved by PET\/MRI","volume":"45","author":"Louarn","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imag."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1097\/RLU.0000000000003578","article-title":"Incremental Role of 18F-FDG-Labeled Autologous Leukocyte PET\/CT in Suspected Postoperative Recurrence of Skull Base Osteomyelitis","volume":"46","author":"Krishnaraju","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"e24144","article-title":"Skull Base Osteomyelitis with Bilateral Acute Otitis Media","volume":"14","author":"Althawadi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1097\/MOO.0000000000000745","article-title":"Current management of skull base osteomyelitis","volume":"29","author":"Auinger","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"ref_27","unstructured":"Faizal, B., Surendran, B., and Kumar, M. (2020). Comparative study of reliability of inflammatory markers over 18-FDG-PET CT scan in monitoring skull base osteomyelitis. Braz. J. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1111\/coa.13528","article-title":"99mTc-HMPAO-leucocyte scintigraphy and [18F]FDG-PET\/CT for diagnosis and therapy monitoring in eleven patients with skull base osteomyelitis","volume":"45","author":"Vion","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Otolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meyer, M., Testart, N., Jreige, M., Kamani, C., Moshebah, M., Muoio, B., Nicod-Lalonde, M., Schaefer, N., Giovanella, L., and Prior, J.O. (2019). Diagnostic Performance of PET or PET\/CT Using 18F-FDG Labeled White Blood Cells in Infectious Diseases: A Systematic Review and a Bivariate Meta-Analysis. Diagnostics, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics9020060"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.27526","article-title":"FDG-PET\/CT for diagnosis and follow-up of necrotizing (malignant) external otitis","volume":"129","author":"Bernstine","year":"2019","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"}],"container-title":["Diagnostics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/12\/9\/2035\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:13:55Z","timestamp":1760141635000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/12\/9\/2035"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,23]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]}},"alternative-id":["diagnostics12092035"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics12092035","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-4418"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2075-4418","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,23]]}}}