{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T16:19:31Z","timestamp":1780589971334,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,31]],"date-time":"2022-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661904000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Reports have indicated an increasing prevalence of clarithromycin resistance in children relative to adults. Thus, it is important to investigate primary clarithromycin resistance before therapy to avoid treatment failure. A2142G, A2143G, and A2142C point mutations in the peptidyltransferase region of the 23S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) strains isolated from children with gastrointestinal symptoms and asymptomatic children were evaluated via real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using fecal DNA samples. The presence of H. pylori was determined using a fecal H. pylori antigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit from the stools of children (n = 543). A2143G, A2142C, and A2142G point mutations were detected via RT-PCR and confirmed by sequencing the 23S rDNA. Fecal H. pylori antigen testing was positive in 101 symptomatic (49) and asymptomatic (52) children. A significant difference was found between the 0\u20135- and 5\u201318-year-old groups in terms of the A2143G and A2142G point mutations (p = 0.001). The A2142C mutation was not detected. There was a significant difference in the A2143G mutation between the symptomatic and asymptomatic 5\u201318-year-old children (p = 0.019). Macrolides are frequently used to treat upper respiratory tract infections in children due to their selective pressure effect. We suggest that H. pylori strains carrying mutations in the 23S RNA subunit conferring clarithromycin resistance may lead to an intense inflammatory response in the gastric epithelial cells, allowing them to proliferate more rapidly and causing possible diarrhea, halitosis, or abdominal pain in children.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12092119","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,31]],"date-time":"2022-08-31T23:53:21Z","timestamp":1661990001000},"page":"2119","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Detection of A2143G, A2142C, and A2142G Point Mutations with Real-Time PCR in Stool Specimens from Children Infected with Helicobacter pylori"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0812-1128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nesrin","family":"Gareayaghi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Istanbul Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Center for Blood, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul 34098, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1072-3846","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bekir","family":"Kocazeybek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul 34098, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bj.2015.06.002","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori infection: An overview of bacterial virulence factors and pathogenesis","volume":"39","author":"Kao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomed. 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