{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T21:40:18Z","timestamp":1785015618851,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,9]],"date-time":"2022-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662681600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Perimeter Medical Imaging Inc."}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Thorough gross examination of breast cancer specimens is critical in order to sample relevant portions for subsequent microscopic examination. This task would benefit from an imaging tool which permits targeted and accurate block selection. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-destructive imaging technique that visualizes tissue architecture and has the potential to be an adjunct at the gross bench. Our objectives were: (1) to familiarize pathologists with the appearance of breast tissue entities on OCT; and (2) to evaluate the yield and quality of OCT images of unprocessed, formalin-fixed breast specimens for the purpose of learning and establishment of an OCT\u2013histopathology library. Methods: Firstly, 175 samples from 40 formalin-fixed, unprocessed breast specimens with residual tissue after final diagnosis were imaged with OCT and then processed into histology slides. Histology findings were correlated with features on OCT. Results: Residual malignancy was seen in 30% of tissue samples. Corresponding OCT images demonstrated that tumor can be differentiated from fibrous stroma, based on features such as irregular boundary, heterogeneous texture and reduced penetration depth. Ductal carcinoma in situ can be subtle, and it is made more recognizable by the presence of comedo necrosis and calcifications. OCT features of benign and malignant breast entities were compiled in a granular but user-friendly reference tool. Conclusion: OCT images of fixed breast tissue were of sufficient quality to reproduce features of breast entities previously described in fresh tissue specimens. Our findings support the use of readily available unprocessed, fixed breast specimens for the establishment of an OCT\u2013histopathology library.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12092191","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,12]],"date-time":"2022-09-12T20:52:25Z","timestamp":1663015945000},"page":"2191","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The Use of Optical Coherence Tomography for Gross Examination and Sampling of Fixed Breast Specimens: A Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Hala","family":"Faragalla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bahar","family":"Davoudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naama","family":"Nofech-Moses","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5287-1575","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yeni","family":"Yucel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada"},{"name":"Faculty of Science, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada"},{"name":"Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael\u2019s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, St. Michael\u2019s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9896-1955","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kiran","family":"Jakate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2013.3393","article-title":"Breast cancer: A review for the general surgeon","volume":"148","author":"Matsen","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Surg."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"ACS (2022, April 07). 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