{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T20:47:26Z","timestamp":1792097246561,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,18]],"date-time":"2022-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to evaluate the impact of chronic endometritis (CE) and its therapy on in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcome. Additionally, we aim to investigate whether various degrees of CE severity may exert a different effect on IVF outcome. Ongoing-pregnancy rate\/live-birth-rate (OPR\/LBR), clinical-pregnancy rate (CPR), and miscarriage rate (MR) were calculated. A total number of 4145 patients (from ten studies) were included. Women with CE had lower OPR\/LBR (OR 1.97, p = 0.02) and CPR (OR 2.28, p = 0.002) compared to those without CE. CE cure increased OPR\/LBR (OR 5.33, p &lt; 0.0001) and CPR (OR 3.64, p = 0.0001). IVF outcome was comparable between women with cured CE and those without CE (OPR\/LBR, CPR and MR: p = ns). Women with severe CE had lower OPR\/LBR (OR 0.43, p = 0.003) and CPR (OR 0.40, p = 0.0007) compared to those mild CE. Mild CE showed no influence on the IVF outcome as compared to women without CE (OPR\/LBR, CPR and MR: p = ns). Based on this data analysis, CE significantly reduces OPR\/LBR and CPR in women undergoing IVF. Importantly, CE resolution after antibiotic therapy may improves IVF outcome, leading to similar OPR\/LBR and CPR as compared to unaffected patients. The negative effects of CE on IVF outcome may be restricted to severe disease, whereas mild CE may have no influence on IVF success.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12092250","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,18]],"date-time":"2022-09-18T22:12:43Z","timestamp":1663539163000},"page":"2250","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":81,"title":["Chronic Endometritis in Infertile Women: Impact of Untreated Disease, Plasma Cell Count and Antibiotic Therapy on IVF Outcome\u2014A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2824-5435","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amerigo","family":"Vitagliano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Biomedical and Human Oncologic Science, University of Bari, 70100 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1543-2802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio Simone","family":"Lagan\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Gynecologic Oncology, ARNAS \u201cCivico-Di Cristina-Benfratelli\u201d, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominique","family":"De Ziegler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Medicine, Hospital Foch, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine Paris Ouest (UVSQ), 92150 Suresnes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rossana","family":"Cicinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Biomedical and Human Oncologic Science, University of Bari, 70100 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7193-2858","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla Mariaflavia","family":"Santarsiero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Biomedical and Human Oncologic Science, University of Bari, 70100 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9466-0178","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Buzzaccarini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Women and Children\u2019s Health, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vito","family":"Chiantera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Gynecologic Oncology, ARNAS \u201cCivico-Di Cristina-Benfratelli\u201d, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2390-4582","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ettore","family":"Cicinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Biomedical and Human Oncologic Science, University of Bari, 70100 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9732-2246","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Marinaccio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Biomedical and Human Oncologic Science, University of Bari, 70100 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.02.012","article-title":"The Diagnosis of Chronic Endometritis in Infertile Asymptomatic Women: A Comparative Study of Histology, Microbial Cultures, Hysteroscopy, and Molecular Microbiology","volume":"218","author":"Moreno","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. 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