{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T07:30:42Z","timestamp":1762068642949,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,28]],"date-time":"2022-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664323200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Research Foundation (NRF)","award":["NRF-2021R1C1C1005746"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2021R1C1C1005746"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common chronic inflammatory disease of the sinonasal mucosa with an inflammatory or infectious etiology. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) causes chronic intestinal inflammation. Thus, both diseases share innate immune and epithelial barrier dysfunctions of the mucosa. However, the association between sinusitis and IBD is not well-known. We aimed to determine the association between CRS and the risk for IBDs, such as Crohn\u2019s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). In this long-term retrospective cohort study, 15,175 patients with CRS and 30,350 patients without CRS (comparison group) were enrolled after 1:2 propensity score matching. The incidence rates of CD and UC were 0.22 and 0.51 (1000 person-years), respectively. The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for developing CD and UC in CRS patients was 1.01 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.66\u20131.54) and 1.72 (95% CI, 1.26\u20132.36), respectively. Additionally, in the subgroup analysis using the CRS phenotype, the adjusted HRs of UC were significantly increased in patients with CRS without nasal polyps (adjusted HR = 1.71; 95% CI, 1.24\u20132.35), but not in those with CRS with nasal polyps. CRS without nasal polyps is associated with an increased incidence of UC but not CD. Therefore, clinicians should pay attention to the early detection of UC when treating patients with CRS without nasal polyps.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12102344","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,28]],"date-time":"2022-09-28T20:58:47Z","timestamp":1664398727000},"page":"2344","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Could Chronic Rhinosinusitis Increase the Risk of Ulcerative Colitis? A Nationwide Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Il Hwan","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24252, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seung-Su","family":"Ha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24252, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gil Myeong","family":"Son","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24252, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hee Gyu","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24252, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4917-0177","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dong-Kyu","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24252, Korea"},{"name":"Institute of New Frontier Research, Division of Big Data and Artificial Intelligence, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24252, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.4193\/Rhin20.601","article-title":"Executive summary of EPOS 2020 including integrated care pathways","volume":"58","author":"Fokkens","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.4168\/aair.2020.12.6.980","article-title":"Enhanced Type 2 Immune Reactions by Increased IL-22\/IL-22Ra1 Signaling in chronic rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps","volume":"12","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Immunol. 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