{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:38:41Z","timestamp":1787027921649,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Untreated chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection can lead to chronic liver disease and may progress to cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HBV infection has been prevalent in Vietnam, but there is little information available on the genotypes, sub-genotypes, and mutations of HBV in patients with HBV-related HCC confirmed by histopathological diagnosis. We studied the molecular characteristics of HBV and its genetic variants in Vietnamese HCC patients after liver tumor resection. We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study on 107 HBV-related HCC hospitalized patients from October 2018 to April 2019. The specimens collected included EDTA anticoagulant blood and liver tissues. Extracted HBV DNA was subjected to whole genome sequencing by the Sanger method. We discovered 62 individuals (57.9%) with genotype B and 45 patients (42.1%) with genotype C, with only sub-genotypes B4 and C1. Among the mutations, the double mutation, A1762T-G1764A, had the most significant frequency (73\/107 samples; 68.2%) and was higher in genotype C than in genotype B (p &lt; 0.001). The most common genotypes found in HCC patients in this investigation were B and C, with sub-genotypes B4 and C1 for each. The prevalence of genotype B4 was greater in HBV-infected Vietnamese HCC patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12102393","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,8]],"date-time":"2022-10-08T01:52:21Z","timestamp":1665193941000},"page":"2393","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Characteristics of Hepatitis B Virus Genotype and Sub-Genotype in Hepatocellular Cancer Patients in Vietnam"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7061-349X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Phat","family":"Ho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cho Ray Hospital Ho Chi Minh Vietnam, Phat Tan Ho, Ho Chi Minh 749000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Balzanelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SET-118, Department of Pre-Hospital and Emergency, SG Giuseppe Moscati Hospital, 74100 Taranto, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pietro","family":"Distratis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SET-118, Department of Pre-Hospital and Emergency, SG Giuseppe Moscati Hospital, 74100 Taranto, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rita","family":"Lazzaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SET-118, Department of Pre-Hospital and Emergency, SG Giuseppe Moscati Hospital, 74100 Taranto, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8773-3933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Duy","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nam Khoa Biotek, Ho Chi Minh 500000, Vietnam"},{"name":"Environmental Engineering, Ho Chi Minh University of Technology, Ho Chi Minh 700000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kieu","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"American Stem Cells Hospital Ho Chi Minh, Ho Chi Minh 700000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tri","family":"Bui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nam Khoa Biotek, Ho Chi Minh 500000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thinh","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"108 Military Central Hospital, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4206-1747","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Son","family":"Pham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney 2170, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huy","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cho Ray Hospital Ho Chi Minh Vietnam, Phat Tan Ho, Ho Chi Minh 749000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vinh","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cho Ray Hospital Ho Chi Minh Vietnam, Phat Tan Ho, Ho Chi Minh 749000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toan","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cho Ray Hospital Ho Chi Minh Vietnam, Phat Tan Ho, Ho Chi Minh 749000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5947-8987","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianna","family":"Dipalma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3797-5883","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Inchingolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camelia","family":"Quek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2050, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huong","family":"Pham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multidisciplinary Clinic, University of Medicine Pham Ngoc Thach, Ho Chi Minh 700000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ciro","family":"Isacco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SET-118, Department of Pre-Hospital and Emergency, SG Giuseppe Moscati Hospital, 74100 Taranto, Italy"},{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5671-8124","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luigi","family":"Santacroce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Microbiology and Virology Unit, School of Medicine, University of Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Van","family":"Pham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nam Khoa Biotek, Ho Chi Minh 500000, Vietnam"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Phan Chau Trinh Medical University, Ho Chi Minh, 700000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Lavanchy, D., and Kane, M. 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