{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T01:00:44Z","timestamp":1774573244170,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,24]],"date-time":"2022-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666569600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Convex probe endobronchial ultrasound transbronchial needle aspirations (CP-EBUS-TBNAs) and radial probe endobronchial ultrasound transbronchial lung biopsies (RP-EBUS-TBLBs) can be performed under moderate sedation or general anesthesia. Moderate sedation is more convenient, however patient discomfort may result in inadequate tissue sampling. General anesthesia ensures better patient cooperation but requires more logistics and also carries sedation risks. We aim to describe the diagnostic yield and safety of CP-EBUS-TBNAs and RP-EBUS-TBLBs when performed under moderate sedation at our center. All patients who underwent CP-EBUS-TBNA and\/or RP-EBUS-TBLB under moderate sedation, between January 2015 and May 2017, were reviewed. Primary outcomes were defined in regard to the diagnostic yield and safety profile. A total of 336 CP-EBUS-TBNAs and 190 RP-EBUS-TBLBs were performed between January 2015 and May 2017. The mean sedation doses used were 50 mcg of intravenous fentanyl and 2.5 mg of intravenous midazolam. The diagnostic yield of the CP-EBUS-TBNAs and RP-EBUS-TBLBs were 62.5% and 71.6%, respectively. Complication rates were low with: transient bleeding 11.9%, transient hypoxia 0.5%, and pneumothorax 0.1%. None required escalation of care, post procedure. Performing CP-EBUS-TBNAs and RP-EBUS-TBLBs under moderate sedation is safe and provides good diagnostic yield. These procedures should, therefore, be considered as first-line sampling techniques.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12112576","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,24]],"date-time":"2022-10-24T10:09:23Z","timestamp":1666606163000},"page":"2576","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Diagnostic Yield and Safety of CP-EBUS-TBNA and RP-EBUS-TBLB under Moderate Sedation: A Single-Center Retrospective Audit"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Valencia","family":"Lim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, University Medicine Cluster, National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 10, Singapore 119228, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Reon Yew Zhou","family":"Chin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, 10 Medicine Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6531-2847","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adrian","family":"Kee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, University Medicine Cluster, National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 10, Singapore 119228, Singapore"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, 10 Medicine Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1020-3867","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeffrey","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, University Medicine Cluster, National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 10, Singapore 119228, Singapore"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, 10 Medicine Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2528-7282","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kay Choong","family":"See","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, University Medicine Cluster, National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 10, Singapore 119228, Singapore"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, 10 Medicine Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.01274","article-title":"Diagnostic Accuracy of Endobronchial Ultrasound-Guided Transbronchial Needle Biopsy in Mediastinal Lymphadenopathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","volume":"57","author":"Chandra","year":"2012","journal-title":"Respir. 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