{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T16:20:00Z","timestamp":1789057200186,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,28]],"date-time":"2022-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666915200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this study was to investigate the most effective lavage volume of arthrocentesis in the management of temporomandibular disorders. A comprehensive electronic search, based on the PRISMA guidelines, was performed, which included a computer search with specific keywords, a reference list search and a manual search. The inclusion criteria were the following: a randomized controlled trial, at least 20 subjects who underwent arthrocentesis, mention of the irrigation materials used for the arthrocentesis, mention of the irrigation volumes used for the arthrocentesis, MMO and pain measured as VAS or NRS, were reported as outcome figures, mention of a specific diagnosis or signs and symptoms, and inclusion of the data on the MMO or VAS\/NRS at 6-month follow-up. Sixteen publications were enrolled in the meta-analysis, comparing arthrocentesis with a lavage volume &lt;150 mL and arthrocentesis with a lavage volume \u2265150 mL, in the efficacy of the improvement in the mouth opening and pain reduction. The results revealed the group with a lavage volume &lt;150 mL had a greater improvement in the mouth opening and pain reduction. However, results are to be interpreted with caution, due to the paucity of the randomized controlled literature and other confounding factors. Further high-quality studies are required to provide a better conclusion to the treatment outcomes of the different lavage volumes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12112622","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,29]],"date-time":"2022-10-29T23:45:00Z","timestamp":1667087100000},"page":"2622","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Lavage Volume of Arthrocentesis in the Management of Temporomandibular Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2309-8082","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hei Christopher","family":"Tsui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun Mo","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6670-6570","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yiu Yan","family":"Leung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kar Yan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalie Sui Miu","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1656-7808","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dion Tik Shun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.11607\/jop.1151","article-title":"Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC\/TMD) for clinical and research applications: Recommendations of the international RDC\/TMD consortium network and orofacial pain special interest group","volume":"28","author":"Schiffman","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Oral Facial Pain Headache"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.1993.0200","article-title":"Estimated prevalence and distribution of reported orofacial pain in the United States","volume":"124","author":"Lipton","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Am. Dent. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"310","article-title":"A Longitudinal Epidemiologic Study of Signs and Symptoms of Temporomandibular Disorders from 15 to 35 Years of Age","volume":"14","author":"Magnusson","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Orofac. Pain"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2011.04.021","article-title":"Research diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders: A systematic review of axis I epidemiologic findings","volume":"112","author":"Manfredini","year":"2011","journal-title":"Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. Endodontology"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/S1521-6942(03)00042-1","article-title":"The epidemiology of chronic generalized musculoskeletal pain","volume":"17","year":"2003","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"(2021, December 22). Facial Pain, Available online: https:\/\/www.nidcr.nih.gov\/research\/data-statistics\/facial-pain."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"158","article-title":"Health Care Utilization and Cost among Health Maintenance Organization Members with Temporomandibular Disorders","volume":"15","author":"Williams","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Orofac. Pain"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S79","DOI":"10.1111\/adj.12593","article-title":"Management of temporomandibular joint disorders: A surgeon\u2019s perspective","volume":"63","author":"Dimitroulis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aust. Dent. J."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.3233\/BMR-210236","article-title":"Efficacy of Rehabilitation on Reducing Pain in Muscle-Related Temporomandibular Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials","volume":"35","author":"Ferrillo","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Back Musculoskelet. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coms.2021.08.001","article-title":"Pharmacologic Treatment for Temporomandibular and Temporomandibular Joint Disorders","volume":"34","author":"Andre","year":"2022","journal-title":"Oral Maxillofac. Surg. Clin. North Am."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Sire, A., Marotta, N., Ferrillo, M., Agostini, F., Sconza, C., Lippi, L., Respizzi, S., Giudice, A., Invernizzi, M., and Ammendolia, A. (2022). Oxygen-Ozone Therapy for Reducing pro-Inflammatory Cytokines Serum Levels in Musculoskeletal and Temporomandibular Disorders: A Comprehensive Review. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23052528"},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"199","article-title":"Internal derangements of the temporomandibular joint: The role of arthroscopic surgery and arthrocentesis","volume":"66","author":"Barkin","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Can. Dent. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.4103\/ams.ams_160_17","article-title":"Arthrocentesis of Temporomandibular Joint- Bridging the Gap between Non-Surgical and Surgical Treatment","volume":"9","author":"Soni","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2019.10.004","article-title":"The Hierarchy of Different Treatments for Arthrogenous Temporomandibular Disorders: A Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials","volume":"48","author":"Wolford","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Cranio-Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199212000-00062","article-title":"Temporomandibular joint arthrocentesis: A simplified treatment for severe limited mouth opening","volume":"90","author":"Nitzan","year":"1992","journal-title":"Plast. Reconstr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-2391(99)90070-8","article-title":"The effect of arthrocentesis of the temporomandibular joint in patients with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"57","author":"Trieger","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1067\/moe.2000.105518","article-title":"Effect of arthrocentesis and sodium hyaluronate injection on nitrite, nitrate, and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance levels in the synovial fluid","volume":"89","author":"Alpaslan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. Endodontology"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2004.06.053","article-title":"Relationship between effectiveness of arthrocentesis under sufficient pressure and conditions of the temporomandibular joint","volume":"63","author":"Yura","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2013.07.010","article-title":"Arthrocentesis as initial treatment for temporomandibular joint arthropathy: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"42","author":"Vos","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Cranio-Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"e575","article-title":"Temporomandibular joint arthrocentesis. Review of the literature","volume":"17","author":"Nitzan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Med. Oral Patol. Oral Cir. Bucal."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.01.003","article-title":"The Effect of Exercise on Range of Movement and Pain after Temporomandibular Joint Arthrocentesis","volume":"76","author":"Bas","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1080\/08869634.2018.1491930","article-title":"Arthrocentesis with different irrigation volumes in patients with disc displacement without reduction: One-year follow-up","volume":"38","author":"Grossmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"CRANIO\u00ae"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2011.11.007","article-title":"Two-needle vs. single-needle technique for TMJ arthrocentesis plus hyaluronic acid injections: A comparative trial over a six-month follow up","volume":"41","author":"Ferronato","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.4103\/ijdr.IJDR_422_15","article-title":"Influence of arthrocentesis irrigation volume at temporomandibular disorder treatment","volume":"28","author":"Sarmento","year":"2017","journal-title":"Indian J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-021-01626-4","article-title":"The Prisma 2020 Statement: An Updated Guideline for Reporting Systematic Reviews","volume":"10","author":"Page","year":"2020","journal-title":"Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"l4898","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4898","article-title":"Rob 2: A Revised Tool for Assessing Risk of Bias in Randomised Trials","volume":"366","author":"Sterne","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hozo, S.P., Djulbegovic, B., and Hozo, I. (2005). Estimating the mean and variance from the median, range, and the size of a sample. BMC Med. Res. Methodol., 5.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-5-13"},{"key":"ref_28","unstructured":"Higgins, J.P.T., and Green, S. (2011). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions, John Wiley & Sons. Version 5.1.0."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1053\/joms.2001.23368","article-title":"Efficacy of temporomandibular joint arthrocentesis with and without injection of sodium hyaluronate in treatment of internal derangements","volume":"59","author":"Alpaslan","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"151","article-title":"Comparison of single- and double-puncture arthrocentesis for the treatment of temporomandibular joint disorders: A six-month, prospective study","volume":"39","year":"2019","journal-title":"CRANIO\u00ae"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1728","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2018.11.025","article-title":"Bone Marrow Nucleated Cell Concentrate Autograft in Temporomandibular Joint Degenerative Disorders: 1-Year Results of a Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"47","author":"Vaira","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cranio-Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2018.10.015","article-title":"Double puncture versus single puncture arthrocentesis for the management of unilateral temporomandibular joint disc displacement without reduction: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"46","author":"Folle","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cranio-Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1007\/s12663-016-0955-x","article-title":"Efficacy of Temporomandibular Joint Arthrocentesis with Sodium Hyaluronate in the Management of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders: A Prospective Randomized Control Trial","volume":"16","author":"Gorrela","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Maxillofac. Oral Surg."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034511431260","article-title":"Randomized Trial on the Effectiveness of Dexamethasone in TMJ Arthrocentesis","volume":"91","author":"Vos","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/S1079-2104(05)80379-8","article-title":"Short-Term Treatment Outcome Study for the Management of Temporomandibular Joint Closed Lock","volume":"80","author":"Murakami","year":"1995","journal-title":"Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. Endodontology"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1007\/s10006-016-0581-2","article-title":"Sodium Hyaluronate: An Effective Adjunct in Temporomandibular Joint Arthrocentesis","volume":"20","author":"Patel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2014.12.018","article-title":"Comparative Study in Patients with Symptomatic Internal Derangements of the Temporomandibular Joint: Analgesic Outcomes of Arthrocentesis with or without Intra-Articular Morphine and Tramadol","volume":"53","author":"Sipahi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e571","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000001168","article-title":"Outcomes of Arthrocentesis for the Treatment of Internal Derangement Pain","volume":"25","author":"Tabrizi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Craniofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1080\/08869634.2015.1106810","article-title":"Single-Needle Arthrocentesis (Shepard Cannula) vs. Double-Needle Arthrocentesis for Treating Disc Displacement without Reduction","volume":"34","author":"Talaat","year":"2016","journal-title":"CRANIO\u00ae"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2017.01.018","article-title":"Comparison of the Effectiveness of Three Different Treatment Methods for Temporomandibular Joint Disc Displacement without Reduction","volume":"46","author":"Tatli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.17219\/dmp\/109329","article-title":"Management of patients with disk displacement without reduction of the temporomandibular joint by arthrocentesis alone, plus hyaluronic acid or plus platelet-rich plasma","volume":"56","author":"Toameh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dent. Med. Probl."},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"e351","article-title":"A comparison of the effects of methylprednisolone acetate, sodium hyaluronate and tenoxicam in the treatment of non-reducing disc displacement of the temporomandibular joint","volume":"23","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med. Oral Patol. Oral Cir. Bucal."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2019.08.017","article-title":"Efficiency of arthrocentesis treatment for different temporomandibular joint disorders","volume":"49","author":"Polat","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2016.08.008","article-title":"Is Hyaluronic Acid or Corticosteroid Superior to Lactated Ringer Solution in the Short Term for Improving Function and Quality of Life after Arthrocentesis? Part 2","volume":"75","author":"Bouloux","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2018.07.025","article-title":"Use of platelet-rich plasma, platelet-rich growth factor with arthrocentesis or arthroscopy to treat temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis: Systematic review with meta-analyses","volume":"149","author":"Haigler","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Am. Dent. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2016.05.027","article-title":"Does Injection of Corticosteroid after Arthrocentesis Improve Outcomes of Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthritis? A Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"74","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2013.12.003","article-title":"Evaluation of arthrocentesis with hyaluronic acid injection plus oral glucosamine hydrochloride for temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis in oral-health-related quality of life","volume":"42","author":"Su","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Cranio-Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1720","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2019.07.030","article-title":"Comparison of treatment efficacy between hyaluronic acid and arthrocentesis plus hyaluronic acid in internal derangements of temporomandibular joint","volume":"47","author":"Yilmaz","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cranio-Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1007\/s10006-019-00753-6","article-title":"Ultrasound-guided arthrocentesis using single-puncture, double-lumen, single-barrel needle for patients with temporomandibular joint acute closed lock internal derangement","volume":"23","author":"Bhargava","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bilgir, E., Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m, D., \u0218enturk, M.F., and Orhan, H. (2020). Clinical and ultrasonographic evaluation of ultrasound-guided single puncture temporomandibular joint arthrocentesis. Oral Maxillofac. Surg., 1\u201310.","DOI":"10.1080\/08869634.2020.1853889"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hu, Y., Zhang, X., Liu, S., and Xu, F. (2020). Ultrasound-guided vs. conventional arthrocentesis for management of temporomandibular joint disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. CRANIO\u00ae, 1\u201310.","DOI":"10.1080\/08869634.2020.1829870"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3771","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-020-03408-z","article-title":"Ultrasonography-guided arthrocentesis versus conventional arthrocentesis in treating internal derangement of temporomandibular joint: A systematic review","volume":"24","author":"Leung","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Investig."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319-e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2020.03.020","article-title":"Is Single-Puncture TMJ Arthrocentesis Superior to the Double-Puncture Technique for the Improvement of Outcomes in Patients With TMDs?","volume":"78","author":"Monteiro","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.12665","article-title":"Single puncture versus standard double needle arthrocentesis for the management of temporomandibular joint disorders: A systematic review","volume":"45","author":"Nagori","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Oral Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2021.01.011","article-title":"Timing of arthrocentesis in the management of temporomandibular disorders: An integrative review and meta-analysis","volume":"50","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2020.03.012","article-title":"Irrigation fluid volume requirement for conventional arthrocentesis of the temporomandibular joint: A cadaver study","volume":"49","author":"Palma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2003.08.031","article-title":"The ideal lavage volume for removing bradykinin, interleukin-6, and protein from the temporomandibular joint by arthrocentesis","volume":"62","author":"Kaneyama","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_58","first-page":"25","article-title":"Racial\/Ethnic and Gender Prevalences in Reported Common Pains in a National Sample","volume":"25","author":"Plesh","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Orofac. Pain"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2018.05.009","article-title":"Exploring the Role of Negative Cognitions in the Relationship between Ethnicity, Sleep, and Pain in Women with Temporomandibular Joint Disorder","volume":"19","author":"Lerman","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Pain"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.3109\/00016357.2014.949842","article-title":"Orofacial Pain and Symptoms of Temporomandibular Disorders in Finnish and Thai Populations","volume":"73","author":"Tolvanen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Odontol. Scand."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.5125\/jkaoms.2014.40.4.155","article-title":"Influencing factor on the prognosis of arthrocentesis","volume":"40","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Korean Assoc. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."}],"container-title":["Diagnostics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/12\/11\/2622\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:04:53Z","timestamp":1760144693000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/12\/11\/2622"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,28]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]}},"alternative-id":["diagnostics12112622"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics12112622","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-4418"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2075-4418","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,28]]}}}