{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T08:34:41Z","timestamp":1762072481561,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","award":["#1650411"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#1650411"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Visceral leishmaniasis remains a serious public health issue, and Brazil was among the seven countries with the highest prevalence of this disease worldwide. The measures to control this disease are not easily developed, and the improvement of its diagnosis, surveillance, and control is still needed. This study aimed to carry out the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) diagnosis of Leishmania infantum in vector samples in some municipalities of the State of S\u00e3o Paulo, which included two municipalities with human disease transmission and two with dog transmission only. Vectors were collected in traps with luminous bait. Next, they were killed at \u22124 \u00b0C and kept in 70% alcohol. Groups of ten female insects (pools) were mashed on cation exchange paper (fine cellulose phosphate with 18 \u00b5Eq\/cm\u00b2 ionic exchange capacity) for DNA extraction. The PCR was carried out to identify the natural infection of the Leishmania genus in female Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lu. Longipalpis). Out of the 3,880 Lu. longipalpis phlebotomines, 1060 were female and 2820 were male (3:1). The method used to extract the DNA in pools of ten phlebotomines and the PCR resulted in sensitivity, specificity, practicality, and faster analyses when compared to the individual analysis method. The procedure described can be used on a large scale in the leishmaniasis epidemiological surveillance, enabling a higher number of analyses and the optimization of human resources because the traditional diagnostic method is carried out via desiccation of the insect digestive system and microscopic examination, which is time-demanding and there is the need of manual skills.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12112653","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T06:01:28Z","timestamp":1667282488000},"page":"2653","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Monitoring Leishmania\u00a0infantum Infections in Female Lutzomyia\u00a0longipalpis by Using DNA Extraction on Cation Exchange Paper and PCR Pool Testing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Tiago Leonetti","family":"Coutinho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-887, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4955-4234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando Augusto Lima","family":"Marson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post Graduate Program in Health Science, Laboratory of Medical and Human Genetics, S\u00e3o Francisco University, Bragan\u00e7a Paulista 12916-900, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Osias","family":"Rangel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pasteur Institute, S\u00e3o Paulo 01311-000, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Selma","family":"Giorgio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Institute, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-970, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kamila Cristina","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-887, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos Emilio","family":"Levy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-887, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]]},"reference":[{"unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO ) (2022, June 20). 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