{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T09:00:22Z","timestamp":1765357222622,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,2]],"date-time":"2022-11-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667347200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Project of the Shanghai Municipal Health Commission","award":["20204Y0012","RJZZ18-010","SHDC2020CR2003A","SHDC2020CR5012","shslczdzk05801"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20204Y0012","RJZZ18-010","SHDC2020CR2003A","SHDC2020CR5012","shslczdzk05801"]}]},{"name":"Seed Fund of Renji Hospital","award":["20204Y0012","RJZZ18-010","SHDC2020CR2003A","SHDC2020CR5012","shslczdzk05801"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20204Y0012","RJZZ18-010","SHDC2020CR2003A","SHDC2020CR5012","shslczdzk05801"]}]},{"name":"Shenkang three-year action plan","award":["20204Y0012","RJZZ18-010","SHDC2020CR2003A","SHDC2020CR5012","shslczdzk05801"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20204Y0012","RJZZ18-010","SHDC2020CR2003A","SHDC2020CR5012","shslczdzk05801"]}]},{"name":"Project of Shanghai key clinical specialties","award":["20204Y0012","RJZZ18-010","SHDC2020CR2003A","SHDC2020CR5012","shslczdzk05801"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20204Y0012","RJZZ18-010","SHDC2020CR2003A","SHDC2020CR5012","shslczdzk05801"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We presented a case demonstrating ileocecal ulcers after liver transplantation for hepatitis B cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The patient presented 4 years post-transplant with paroxysmal right lower abdominal pain. Due to a mild increase in the leukocyte and neutrophil count, infectious diseases were initially suspected. However, probiotic treatment did not help improve the symptom. An enhanced CT scan revealed a thickening in the ileocecal region, and endoscopy later showed multiple giant and deep ulcers in the ileocecal region with polypoid hyperplasia. Histopathology of an ulcer biopsy displayed benign ulcers, and chronic inflammation with non-caseous granulomas, without signs of a fungus or parasite infection. Epithelial exfoliation with atypical hyperplasia was observed, and a tacrolimus-induced ileocecal ulcer was considered by a pathologist. Clinical manifestation, lab findings, radiology, and pathology characteristics of ulcers were not consistent with the pathogenesis of ischemia, tuberculosis, CMV, EBV, tumor, or inflammatory bowel diseases. Abdominal pain was gradually relieved and subsided with the discontinuation of tacrolimus and corticosteroid administration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12112668","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,3]],"date-time":"2022-11-03T03:11:21Z","timestamp":1667445081000},"page":"2668","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Unusual Ileocecal Ulcers after Liver Transplantation for Hepatitis B Cirrhosis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Kang","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Transplantation and Immunology, Shanghai 200127, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Institute of Transplantation, Shanghai 200127, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhifeng","family":"Xi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Transplantation and Immunology, Shanghai 200127, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Institute of Transplantation, Shanghai 200127, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Transplantation and Immunology, Shanghai 200127, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Institute of Transplantation, Shanghai 200127, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1759","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2020.04.069","article-title":"Drug-Induced Colitis","volume":"19","author":"Hamdeh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.32074\/1591-951X-234","article-title":"Histopathology of Non-IBD Colitis. A practical approach from the Italian Group for the study of the gastrointestinal tract (GIPAD)","volume":"113","author":"Villanacci","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pathologica"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"e6774","article-title":"Mycophenolate-induced Colitis: A Case Report with Focused Review of Literature","volume":"12","author":"Farooqi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpgasthep0896","article-title":"Drug-induced injury in the gastrointestinal tract: Clinical and pathologic considerations","volume":"4","author":"Pusztaszeri","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Clin. Pract. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TP.0000053753.43268.F0","article-title":"Erosive enterocolitis in mycophenolate mofetil-treated renal-transplant recipients with persistent afebrile diarrhea","volume":"75","author":"Maes","year":"2003","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1111\/tri.12325","article-title":"Clinical significance of gastrointestinal bleeding after living donor liver transplantation","volume":"27","author":"Kimura","year":"2014","journal-title":"Transpl. Int."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1002\/ueg2.12242","article-title":"Gut inflammation induced by drugs: Can pathology help to differentiate from inflammatory bowel disease?","volume":"10","author":"Herlihy","year":"2022","journal-title":"United Eur. Gastroenterol. J."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0012.2005.00332.x","article-title":"Gastrointestinal hemorrhage due to complicated gastroduodenal ulcer disease in liver transplant patients taking sirolimus","volume":"19","author":"Smith","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5616","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v22.i24.5616","article-title":"Successful treatment of ileal ulcers caused by immunosuppressants in two organ transplant recipients","volume":"22","author":"Guo","year":"2016","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000001761","article-title":"Histologic Features of Tacrolimus-induced Colonic Injury","volume":"46","author":"Hissong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Surg. Pathol."}],"container-title":["Diagnostics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/12\/11\/2668\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:09:35Z","timestamp":1760144975000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/12\/11\/2668"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,2]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]}},"alternative-id":["diagnostics12112668"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics12112668","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-4418"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2075-4418"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,2]]}}}