{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T07:22:20Z","timestamp":1778138540228,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,4]],"date-time":"2022-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667520000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>CD8+ encephalitis is a subacute encephalopathy associated with HIV infection. Pathophysiology is thought to be auto-reactive CD8+ cells attacking on HIV infected CD4+ cells and \u2018viral escape\u2019 phenomena (replication of CD8+ cells in CSF). We present a case of a 45-year-old man with well controlled HIV who developed CD8 encephalitis following Herpes simplex encephalitis. He had persistent encephalopathy for several weeks with status epilepticus and agitated delirium, and diagnosis remained elusive until a brain biopsy confirmed the diagnosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12112687","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,4]],"date-time":"2022-11-04T03:28:10Z","timestamp":1667532490000},"page":"2687","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["CD8 Encephalitis: A Diagnostic Dilemma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3005-1867","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rohan","family":"Sharma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurocritical Care, Mayo Clinic in Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Spradley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Morgan","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shubham","family":"Biyani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pulkit","family":"Singhal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Osteopathic Medicine, California Health Sciences University, Clovis, CA 93612, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hisham","family":"Elkhider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4943-171X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krishna","family":"Nalleballe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Murat","family":"Gokden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manoj","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nidhi","family":"Kapoor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Baptist Medical Center, Jacksonville, FL 32207, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2016.149","article-title":"HIV-associated opportunistic CNS infections: Pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment","volume":"12","author":"Bowen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. 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