{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T21:00:19Z","timestamp":1780606819134,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,17]],"date-time":"2022-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668643200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Claudins, as the major components of tight junctions, are crucial for epithelial cell-to-cell contacts. Recently, we showed that in endometriosis, the endometrial epithelial phenotype is highly conserved, with only minor alterations. For example, claudin-11 is strongly expressed; however, its localization in the endometriotic epithelial cells was impaired. In order to better understand the role of claudins in endometrial cell-to-cell contacts, we analyzed the tissue expression and localization of claudin-10 by immunohistochemistry analysis and two scoring systems. We used human tissue samples (n = 151) from the endometrium, endometriosis, and adenomyosis. We found a high abundance of claudin-10 in nearly all the endometrial (98%), endometriotic (98\u201399%), and adenomyotic (90\u201397%) glands, but no cycle-specific differences and no differences in the claudin-10 positive endometrial glands between cases with and without endometriosis. A significantly higher expression of claudin-10 was evident in the ectopic endometrium of deep-infiltrating (p &lt; 0.01) and ovarian endometriosis (p &lt; 0.001) and in adenomyosis in the cases with endometriosis (p \u2264 0.05). Interestingly, we observed a shift in claudin-10 from a predominant apical localization in the eutopic endometrium to a more pronounced basal\/cytoplasmic localization in the ectopic endometria of all three endometriotic entities but not in adenomyosis. Significantly, despite the impaired endometriotic localization of claudin-10, the epithelial phenotype was retained. The significant differences in claudin-10 localization between the three endometriotic entities and adenomyosis, in conjunction with endometriosis, suggest that most of the aberrations occur after implantation and not before. The high similarity between the claudin-10 patterns in the eutopic endometrial and adenomyotic glands supports our recent conclusions that the endometrium is the main source of endometriosis and adenomyosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12112848","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,18]],"date-time":"2022-11-18T03:57:44Z","timestamp":1668743864000},"page":"2848","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Claudin-10 Expression Is Increased in Endometriosis and Adenomyosis and Mislocalized in Ectopic Endometriosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Anna C.","family":"Loeffelmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alena","family":"Hoerscher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad A.","family":"Riaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felix","family":"Zeppernick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivo","family":"Meinhold-Heerlein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5878-3050","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lutz","family":"Konrad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmy020","article-title":"Is it time for a paradigm shift in drug research and development in endometriosis\/adenomyosis?","volume":"24","author":"Guo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hum. 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