{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T00:12:41Z","timestamp":1792109561796,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,21]],"date-time":"2022-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668988800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Diaphragmatic alterations occurring during mechanical ventilation (MV) can be monitored using ultrasound (US). The performance of computed tomography (CT) to evaluate diaphragmatic thickness is limited. Further, the association between muscle mass and outcome is increasingly recognized. However, no data are available on its correlation with diaphragmatic thickness. We aimed to determine correlation and agreement of diaphragmatic thickness between CT and US; and its association with muscle mass and MV parameters. Methods: Prospective observational study. US measurements of the diaphragmatic thickness were collected in patients undergoing MV within 12 h before or after performing a CT scan of the thorax and\/or upper abdomen. Data on skeletal muscle index (SMI), baseline, and ventilatory data were recorded and correlated with US and CT measures of diaphragmatic thickness. Agreement was explored between US and CT data. Results: Twenty-nine patients were enrolled and the diaphragm measured by CT resulted overall thicker than US-based measurement of the right hemidiaphragm. The US thickness showed the strongest correlation with the left posterior pillar at CT (r = 0.49, p = 0.008). The duration of the controlled MV was negatively correlated with US thickness (r = \u22120.45, p = 0.017), the thickness of the right anterior pillar (r = \u22120.41, p = 0.029), and splenic dome by CT (r = \u22120.43, p = 0.023). SMI was positively correlated with US diaphragmatic thickness (r = 0.50, p = 0.007) and inversely correlated with the duration of MV before enrollment (r = \u22120.426, p = 0.027). Conclusions: CT scan of the left posterior pillar can estimate diaphragmatic thickness and is moderately correlated with US measurements. Both techniques show that diaphragm thickness decreases with MV duration. The diaphragmatic thickness by US showed a good correlation with SMI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12112890","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,22]],"date-time":"2022-11-22T03:04:20Z","timestamp":1669086260000},"page":"2890","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Ultrasound Versus Computed Tomography for Diaphragmatic Thickness and Skeletal Muscle Index during Mechanical Ventilation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Stefano","family":"Gatti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, ASST Monza, San Gerardo Hospital, Via Pergolesi 33, 20900 Monza, Italy"},{"name":"School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1217-6893","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara","family":"Abbruzzese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Emergency, Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 28, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2696-7047","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davide","family":"Ippolito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Radiology, H. San Gerardo, Via Pergolesi 33, 20900 Monza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Lombardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Radiology, H. San Gerardo, Via Pergolesi 33, 20900 Monza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"De Vito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Radiology, H. San Gerardo, Via Pergolesi 33, 20900 Monza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2872-791X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davide","family":"Gandola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Radiology, H. San Gerardo, Via Pergolesi 33, 20900 Monza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veronica","family":"Meroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, ASST Monza, San Gerardo Hospital, Via Pergolesi 33, 20900 Monza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vittoria Ludovica","family":"Sala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, ASST Monza, San Gerardo Hospital, Via Pergolesi 33, 20900 Monza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandro","family":"Sironi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Radiology, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, 24127 Bergamo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Pesenti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Emergency, Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 28, 20122 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Via Festa del Perdono 7, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Foti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, ASST Monza, San Gerardo Hospital, Via Pergolesi 33, 20900 Monza, Italy"},{"name":"School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4506-7212","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emanuele","family":"Rezoagli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, ASST Monza, San Gerardo Hospital, Via Pergolesi 33, 20900 Monza, Italy"},{"name":"School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3089-205X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giacomo","family":"Bellani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, ASST Monza, San Gerardo Hospital, Via Pergolesi 33, 20900 Monza, Italy"},{"name":"School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-015-0993-7","article-title":"Clinical review: Intensive care unit acquired weakness","volume":"19","author":"Hermans","year":"2015","journal-title":"Crit. 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