{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T18:32:43Z","timestamp":1790188363585,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":125,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,29]],"date-time":"2022-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669680000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"CoV2-E-TARGET","award":["2020 07132"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020 07132"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Lung cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer in the world. In terms of the diagnosis of lung cancer, combination carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and cancer antigen 125 (CA125) detection had higher sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic odds ratios than CEA detection alone. Most individuals with elevated serum CA125 levels had lung cancer that was either in stage 3 or stage 4. Serum CA125 levels were similarly elevated in lung cancer patients who also had pleural effusions or ascites. Furthermore, there is strong evidence that human lung cancer produces CA125 in vitro, which suggests that other clinical illnesses outside of ovarian cancer could also be responsible for the rise of CA125. MUC16 (CA125) is a natural killer cell inhibitor. As a screening test for lung and ovarian cancer diagnosis and prognosis in the early stages, CA125 has been widely used as a marker in three different clinical settings. MUC16 mRNA levels in lung cancer are increased regardless of gender. As well, increased expression of mutated MUC16 enhances lung cancer cells proliferation and growth. Additionally, the CA125 serum level is thought to be a key indicator for lung cancer metastasis to the liver. Further, CA125 could be a useful biomarker in other cancer types diagnoses like ovarian, breast, and pancreatic cancers. One of the important limitations of CA125 as a first step in such a screening technique is that up to 20% of ovarian tumors lack antigen expression. Each of the 10 possible serum markers was expressed in 29\u2013100% of ovarian tumors with minimal or no CA125 expression. Therefore, there is a controversy regarding CA125 in the diagnosis and prognosis of lung cancer and other cancer types. In this state, preclinical and clinical studies are warranted to elucidate the clinical benefit of CA125 in the diagnosis and prognosis of lung cancer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12122985","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,30]],"date-time":"2022-11-30T04:05:24Z","timestamp":1669781124000},"page":"2985","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["The Potential Role of MUC16 (CA125) Biomarker in Lung Cancer: A Magic Biomarker but with Adversity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9555-7300","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hebatallah M.","family":"Saad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Marsa Matruh 51744, Matrouh, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ghada F.","family":"Tourky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3097-2962","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hayder M.","family":"Al-kuraishy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriyiah University, Baghdad P.O. Box 14132, Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali I.","family":"Al-Gareeb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriyiah University, Baghdad P.O. Box 14132, Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5699-2107","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed M.","family":"Khattab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacy College, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Cairo, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sohaila A.","family":"Elmasry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6948-4582","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdulrahman A.","family":"Alsayegh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Nutrition Department, Applied Medical Sciences College, Jazan University, Jazan 82817, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zaki H.","family":"Hakami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, MS, CT (ASCP), PhD, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Alsulimani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, MS, CT (ASCP), PhD, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Marc","family":"Sabatier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9, Institut de Neurophysiopathologie (INP), CNRS UMR 7051, Facult\u00e9 des Sciences M\u00e9dicales et Param\u00e9dicales, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marwa W.","family":"Eid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5931-0466","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hazem M.","family":"Shaheen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali A.","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consultant Respiratory & General Physician, The Chest Clinic, Barts Health NHS Trust Whipps Cross University Hospital, London E11 1NR, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7817-425X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gaber El-Saber","family":"Batiha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2782-9615","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michel","family":"De Waard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Smartox Biotechnology, 6 rue des Platanes, 38120 Saint-Egr\u00e8ve, France"},{"name":"L\u2019institut du Thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV NANTES, 44007 Nantes, France"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, LabEx \u00abIon Channels, Science & Therapeutics\u00bb, 06560 Valbonne, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2019.10.001","article-title":"Lung Cancer 2020: Epidemiology, Etiology, and Prevention","volume":"41","author":"Bade","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. 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