{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T01:03:59Z","timestamp":1792803839066,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":166,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,3]],"date-time":"2022-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670025600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"\u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dept. of Physiology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania","award":["1529\/31\/18.01.2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1529\/31\/18.01.2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/051h0cw83","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a severe medical condition characterized by elevated pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), right ventricular (RV) failure, and death in the absence of appropriate treatment. The progression and prognosis are strictly related to the etiology, biochemical parameters, and treatment response. The gold-standard test remains right-sided heart catheterization, but dynamic monitoring of systolic pressure in the pulmonary artery is performed using echocardiography. However, simple and easily accessible non-invasive assays are also required in order to monitor this pathology. In addition, research in this area is in continuous development. In recent years, more and more biomarkers have been studied and included in clinical guidelines. These biomarkers can be categorized based on their associations with inflammation, endothelial cell dysfunction, cardiac fibrosis, oxidative stress, and metabolic disorders. Moreover, biomarkers can be easily detected in blood and urine and correlated with disease severity, playing an important role in diagnosis, prognosis, and disease progression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12123033","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,5]],"date-time":"2022-12-05T04:10:02Z","timestamp":1670213402000},"page":"3033","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Biomarkers in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6875-3031","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvana Elena","family":"Hojda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, \u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Number 1\u20133, Clinicilor Street, RO-400023 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4991-0032","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irina Camelia","family":"Chis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, \u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Number 1\u20133, Clinicilor Street, RO-400023 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0046-0803","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simona","family":"Clichici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, \u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Number 1\u20133, Clinicilor Street, RO-400023 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3618","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehac237","article-title":"2022 ESC\/ERS Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertension","volume":"43","author":"Humbert","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. 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