{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T20:47:47Z","timestamp":1789764467965,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":129,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,8]],"date-time":"2022-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670457600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A mucormycosis surge was reported during the COVID-19 pandemic in India. A literature search until 14 July 2022, with the aim of updating COVID-19-associated mucormycosis (CAM), identified 663 studies and 88 met inclusion criteria (8727 patients). India reported 8388 patients, Egypt 208 and Europe 40. Rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) was identified among 8082 (98.3%) patients, followed by 98 (1.2%) with pulmonary. In India, 82.6% of patients had diabetes mellitus, with 82% receiving corticosteroids. In Europe, 75% presented pulmonary CAM, 32.5% had diabetes and 40% were immunocompromised. CAM was identified at a median of 17.4 days (IQR 7.5 days) post COVID-19 diagnosis, and PCR was performed in five studies. Rhino-orbital invasion is clinically obvious, while cerebral involvement presents with cavernous sinus thrombosis, meningitis and cerebrovascular disease. Symptoms of pulmonary CAM usually overlap with severe COVID-19 pneumonia. High-dose liposomal Amphotericin B (and early surgical debridement in ROCM) are the mainstay of therapy. The median mortality rate was estimated to be 21.4% (IQR 31.9%), increased by the presence of pulmonary (80% (IQR 50%) or cerebral involvement (50% (IQR 63.9%). In summary, different CAM clinical phenotypes need to be distinguished, influenced by geographical presentation. Opportunities exist for diagnosis and therapy optimization, based on earlier high-dose antifungal therapy, early source control, strict glycemic control and restriction of steroids to COVID-19 patients with oxygen requirements.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12123092","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,9]],"date-time":"2022-12-09T02:50:51Z","timestamp":1670554251000},"page":"3092","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Clinical Phenotypes of COVID-19 Associated Mucormycosis (CAM): A Comprehensive Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Maria Panagiota","family":"Almyroudi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University Hospital Attikon, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4289-9494","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karolina","family":"Akinosoglou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University General Hospital of Patras, School of Medicine University of Patras, 26504 Rio, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0676-6210","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jordi","family":"Rello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vall d\u2019Hebron Institute of Research, Barcelona, Spain & Clinical Research, CHU N\u00eemes, 30900 N\u00eemes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stijn","family":"Blot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"},{"name":"UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4029, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Dimopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3rd Department of Critical Care, EVGENIDIO Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prakash, H., and Chakrabarti, A. (2021). Epidemiology of Mucormycosis in India. Microorganisms, 93.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9030523"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hsr.2021.100005","article-title":"Mucormycosis: A triple burden in patients with diabetes during COVID-19 Pandemic","volume":"1","author":"Fathima","year":"2021","journal-title":"Health Sci. Rev."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.13420","article-title":"Therapeutic drug monitoring of posaconazole delayed release tablet while managing COVID-19-associated mucormycosis in a real-life setting","volume":"65","author":"Patel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2801.211636","article-title":"Outbreak of Mucormycosis in Coronavirus Disease Patients, Pune, India","volume":"28","author":"Joshi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794176","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.794176","article-title":"Mucormycosis Amid COVID-19 Crisis: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Novel Treatment Strategies to Combat the Spread","volume":"12","author":"Dogra","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e405","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(19)30312-3","article-title":"Global guideline for the diagnosis and management of mucormycosis: An initiative of the European Confederation of Medical Mycology in cooperation with the Mycoses Study Group Education and Research Consortium","volume":"19","author":"Cornely","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e543","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(21)00237-8","article-title":"The emergence of COVID-19 associated mucormycosis: A review of cases from 18 countries","volume":"3","author":"Hoenigl","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Microbe"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1186\/s13244-021-01109-z","article-title":"Rhino-orbito-cerebral Mucormycosis: Pictorial Review","volume":"12","author":"Pai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Insights Imaging"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_2356_21","article-title":"Outcome of transcutaneous retrobulbar injection of liposomal amphotericin B in post-COVID-19 rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis: Our experience","volume":"70","author":"Ramamurthy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Indian J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"20569","article-title":"Hyperferritinemia and the Extent of Mucormycosis in COVID-19 Patients","volume":"13","author":"Bhadania","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_1635_21","article-title":"Localized surgical debridement for the management of orbital mucormycosis","volume":"70","author":"Murthy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Indian J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3521","DOI":"10.1007\/s12070-021-03015-8","article-title":"Intraoperative Scoring Assessment as a Prognostic Tool in Covid-19 Associated Mucormycosis: A Short-Term Observational Study","volume":"74","author":"Shenoy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Indian J. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3529","DOI":"10.1007\/s12070-022-03080-7","article-title":"Are Low Serum Vitamin D Levels a Risk Factor for Advent of COVID-19 Associated Rhinocerebral Mucormycosis: A Preliminary Case Control Study","volume":"74","author":"Popli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Indian J. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2021.103371","article-title":"Risk factors for palatal and orbital involvement in mucormycosis epidemic-Report of a center in India","volume":"43","author":"Bhat","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Otolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1097\/IOP.0000000000002112","article-title":"Clinico-Radiological-Pathological Correlation of Visual Loss in COVID-Associated Rhino-Orbito-Cerebral Mucormycosis","volume":"38","author":"Goel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ophthalmic. Plast Reconstr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1007\/s12105-021-01382-w","article-title":"COVID Induced Functional Exhaustion and Persistently Reduced Lymphocytes as Vital Contributing Factors for Post-COVID Rhino-orbital and Cerebral Mucormycosis in Patients with Diabetes: Report from the Indian Sub-continent","volume":"16","author":"Bhargava","year":"2021","journal-title":"Head Neck Pathol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.4103\/ija.ija_371_21","article-title":"The aftermath of COVID-19 pandemic: Rhino-orbital mucormycosis","volume":"65","author":"Hooli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Indian J. Anaesth."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.4103\/ija.ija_94_22","article-title":"The perioperative anaesthetic management and outcomes of COVID-19 associated mucormycosis patients","volume":"66","author":"Mulakaluri","year":"2022","journal-title":"Indian J. Anaesth."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"103","article-title":"Post-Covid-19 Rhino-Cerebral Mucormycosis: An Observational Study During the Second Wave","volume":"171","author":"Sajjan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Maedica"},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"Lakshmi, I.S., Kumari, B.S., Jyothi, C., Devojee, M., Malini, K.P., Sunethri, P., Somalwar, S.B., and Kavitha, T. (2022). Histopathological Study of Mucormycosis in Post COVID-19 Patients and Factors Affecting it in a Tertiary Care Hospital. Int. J. Surg. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chandwani, N., Dabhekar, S., Selvi, K., Mohamed, R.N., Abullais, S.S., Moothedath, M., Jadhav, G., Chandwani, J., Karobari, M.I., and Pawar, A.M. (2022). Oral Tissue Involvement and Probable Factors in Post-COVID-19 Mucormycosis Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study. Healthcare, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare10050912"},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"22","article-title":"New-onset hyperglycaemia and prolonged systemic corticosteroids therapy in mild COVID-19 patients as major risk factors for invasive mucormycosis: A preliminary study","volume":"73","author":"Khichar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Mycol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.4103\/sja.sja_783_21","article-title":"Perioperative anesthetic concerns in postcovid mucormycosis patients posted for surgical intervention: An observational Study","volume":"16","author":"Misra","year":"2022","journal-title":"Saudi J. Anaesth."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ganesan, N., and Sivanandam, S. (2022). Histomorphological features of mucormycosis with rise and fall of COVID-19 pandemic. Pathol. Res. Pract., 236.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prp.2022.153981"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2965","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-021-07106-8","article-title":"Mucormycosis in COVID-19 pandemic and its neurovascular spread","volume":"279","author":"Pal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2021.102267","article-title":"COVID-19 associated rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis: An observational study from Eastern India, with special emphasis on neurological spectrum","volume":"15","author":"Dubey","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. Syndr."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3447","DOI":"10.1007\/s12070-021-02692-9","article-title":"Risk Based Decision Algorithms for Management of COVID-19 Associated Rhino-orbital Mucormycosis","volume":"74","author":"Gupta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Indian J. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"e22973","article-title":"Epidemiology of Mucormycosis Cases During the Second Wave of COVID-19 in a Tertiary Care Institute in Western Rajasthan, India","volume":"14","author":"Kumar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahmed, W.M.S., Elsherbini, A.M., Elsherbiny, N.M., El-Sherbiny, M., Ramzy, N.I., and Arafa, F.A. (2021). Maxillary Mucormycosis Osteomyelitis in Post COVID-19 Patients: A Series of Fourteen Cases. Diagnostics, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics11112050"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3795","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_1294_21","article-title":"Role of medial orbital wall decompression in COVID-19-associated rhino-orbital mucormycosis management","volume":"69","author":"Murthy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Indian J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3685","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_2085_21","article-title":"COVID-19-associated mucormycosis: Preliminary report from a tertiary eye care centre","volume":"69","author":"Walia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Indian J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3678","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_1767_21","article-title":"Incidence, cumulative mortality and factors affecting the outcome of COVID-19-associated mucormycosis from Western India","volume":"69","author":"Vare","year":"2021","journal-title":"Indian J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4795","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S344937","article-title":"Characteristics and Outcomes of a Series of COVID-Associated Mucormycosis Patients in Two Different Settings in Egypt Through the Third Pandemic Wave","volume":"15","author":"Fouad","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mycmed.2021.101238","article-title":"Sanje Surgical & medical management of ROCM (Rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis) epidemic in COVID-19 era and its outcomes\u2014A tertiary care center experience","volume":"32","author":"Soni","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Mycol. Med."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2021.12.007","article-title":"Post COVID-19 Head and Neck Mucormycosis: MR Imaging Spectrum and Staging","volume":"29","author":"Metwally","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acad. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2021.12.039","article-title":"Risk factors for Coronavirus disease-associated mucormycosis","volume":"84","author":"Arora","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Infect."},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"32","article-title":"Imaging findings in invasive rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis in post-COVID-19 patients","volume":"351","author":"Jindal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bayl. Univ. Med. Cent. Proc."},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"351","article-title":"Using artificial intelligence-based models to predict the risk of mucormycosis among COVID-19 survivors: An experience from a public hospital in India","volume":"84","author":"Babu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Infect."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-021-00610-9","article-title":"Pulmonary Artery Pseudoaneurysm in COVID-19-Associated Pulmonary Mucormycosis: Case Series and Systematic Review of the Literature","volume":"187","author":"Pruthi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13777","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.13777","article-title":"Risk factors and outcomes of COVID associated mucormycosis in kidney transplant recipients","volume":"24","author":"Bansal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transpl. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1750","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7050a3","article-title":"Notes from the Field: COVID-19-Associated Mucormycosis\u2014Arkansas, July\u2013September 2021","volume":"70","author":"Dulski","year":"2021","journal-title":"MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1255","DOI":"10.1097\/TXD.0000000000001255","article-title":"Impact of COVID-19-associated Mucormycosis in Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Multicenter Cohort Study","volume":"8","author":"Meshram","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transplant. Direct."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.21-0777","article-title":"Case Report: Rhino-orbital Mucormycosis Related to COVID-19: A Case Series Exploring Risk Factors","volume":"106","author":"Aggarwal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2021.106231","article-title":"Cerebrovascular Involvement in Mucormycosis in COVID-19 Pandemic","volume":"31","author":"Kulkarni","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Stroke Cerebrovasc. Dis."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2021.5201","article-title":"Cumulative Mortality and Factors Associated with Outcomes of Mucormycosis after COVID-19 at a Multispecialty Tertiary Care Center in India","volume":"140","author":"Choksi","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.4997\/jrcpe.2021.407","article-title":"\u201cMuCovid-21\u201d study: Mucormycosis at an Indian tertiary care centre during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"51","author":"Kumar","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. R. Coll. Physicians Edinb."},{"key":"ref_47","first-page":"e19208","article-title":"Facial Nerve Palsy in COVID-19-Associated Mucormycosis Patients: A Case Series","volume":"13","author":"Mehta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10071-24025","article-title":"Mucormycosis in COVID Diabetic Patients: A Horrifying Triad!","volume":"25","author":"Panwar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Indian J. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinimag.2021.10.014","article-title":"COVID-19 associated Rhino-Orbito-Cerebral Mucormycosis: Imaging spectrum and Clinico-radiological correlation\u2014A single Centre experience","volume":"82","author":"Patel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3505","DOI":"10.1007\/s12070-021-02986-y","article-title":"A Proposed Grading System and Experience of COVID-19 Associated Rhino Orbito Cerebral Mucormycosis from an Indian Tertiary Care Cente","volume":"74","author":"Vaid","year":"2021","journal-title":"Indian J. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3498","DOI":"10.1007\/s12070-021-02970-6","article-title":"Role of COVID 19 Inflammatory Markers in Rhino-Orbito-Cerebral Mucormycosis: A Case Study in Predisposed Patients at a Designated Nodal Centre","volume":"74","author":"Goddanti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Indian J. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1067\/j.cpradiol.2021.09.004","article-title":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Coronavirus Disease\u20142019 Associated Rhino-Orbital-Cerebral Mucormycosis (CA-ROCM)\u2014Imaging Analysis of 50 Consecutive Patients","volume":"51","author":"Yadav","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Probl. Diagn. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1693","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-021-03057-5","article-title":"Mucormycosis as SARS-CoV2 sequelae in kidney transplant recipients: A single-center experience from India","volume":"54","author":"Meshram","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. Urol. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_54","first-page":"e18718","article-title":"A Retrospective Analysis of Risk Factors of COVID-19 Associated Mucormycosis and Mortality Predictors: A Single-Center Study","volume":"13","author":"Zirpe","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-021-05740-y","article-title":"Rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis during the COVID-19 third wave in 2021: An Egyptian preliminary report from a single tertiary hospital","volume":"43","author":"Alloush","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_56","first-page":"11","article-title":"COVID Associated Mucormycosis: A Study on the Spectrum of Clinical, Biochemical and Radiological Findings in A Series of Ten Patients","volume":"69","author":"Pal","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Assoc. Physicians India"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ofab566","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofab566","article-title":"Coronavirus Disease 2019-Associated Mucormycosis in France: A Rare but Deadly Complication","volume":"9","author":"Danion","year":"2021","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_58","first-page":"11","article-title":"Coronavirus Disease, Diabetes and Glucocorticoid a Terrible Trio for Invasive Mucormycosis: An Observational Study from Northwest Rajasthan","volume":"69","author":"Nehara","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Assoc. Physicians India"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e216","DOI":"10.4317\/medoral.25050","article-title":"Histopathological analysis of soft tissue changes in gingival biopsied specimen from patients with underlying corona virus disease associated mucormycosis (CAM)","volume":"27","author":"Pandiar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Med. Oral Patol. Oral Cir. Bucal."},{"key":"ref_60","first-page":"e22528","article-title":"Role of Zinc and Clinicopathological Factors for COVID-19-Associated Mucormycosis (CAM) in a Rural Hospital of Central India: A Case-Control Study","volume":"14","author":"Kumar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bilgic, A., Kodjikian, L., Sudhalkar, A., Dwivedi, S., Vasavada, V., Shah, A., Dziadzko, M., and Mathis, T. (2022). Risk Factors for COVID-19 Associated Mucormycosis: The Ophthalmologist\u2019s Perspective. J. Fungi, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/jof8030271"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guemas, E., Cassaing, S., Malavaud, S., Fillaux, J., Chauvin, P., Leli\u00e8vre, L., Ruiz, S., Riu, B., Berry, A., and Iriart, X. (2022). A Clustered Case Series of Mucorales Detection in Respiratory Samples from COVID-19 Patients in Intensive Care, France, August to September 2021. J. Fungi, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/jof8030258"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.02.107","article-title":"Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)-Associated Rhino-Orbito-Cerebral Mucormycosis: A Multi-Institutional Retrospective Study of Imaging Patterns","volume":"162","author":"Gg","year":"2022","journal-title":"World Neurosurg."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_2366_21","article-title":"A clinico-pathological study of COVID-19 associated rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis","volume":"70","author":"Mani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Indian J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.13435","article-title":"Epidemiology, clinical presentation and management of COVID-19 associated mucormycosis: A single centre experience from Pune, Western India","volume":"65","author":"Dravid","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Naruka, S., Rana, N., Singh, N., Kishore, A., and Nagpal, K. (2022). COVID-19 associated rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis-an institutional series. Ear Nose Throat J.","DOI":"10.1177\/01455613221077882"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jain, K., Surana, A., Choudhary, T.S., Vaidya, S., Nandedkar, S., and Purohit, M. (2022). Clinical and histology features as predictor of severity of mucormycosis in post-COVID-19 patients: An experience from a rural tertiary setting in Central India. SAGE Open Med., 10.","DOI":"10.1177\/20503121221074785"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.08.037","article-title":"Risk factors associated with the mucormycosis epidemic during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"111","author":"Bhanuprasad","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1007\/s12070-021-02807-2","article-title":"Epidemiology, Clinical Features and Management of Rhino Orbital Mucormycosis in Post COVID 19 Patients","volume":"74","author":"Desai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Indian J. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1704","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2021.07.038","article-title":"COVID-19 associated mucormycosis: A life-threatening complication in patients admitted with severe to critical COVID-19 from Pakistan","volume":"27","author":"Nasir","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3131","DOI":"10.1007\/s12070-021-02825-0","article-title":"Risk Factors for Procurence of Mucormycosis and its Manifestations Post Covid-19: A Single Arm Retrospective Unicentric Clinical Study","volume":"74","author":"Gupta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Indian J. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3151","DOI":"10.1007\/s12070-021-02875-4","article-title":"Predisposing factors of rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis in patients with COVID 19 infection","volume":"74","author":"Pradhan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Indian J. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1007\/s12262-021-03134-0","article-title":"Multidisciplinary Management of COVID-Associated Mucormycosis Syndemic in India","volume":"84","author":"Mehta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Indian J. Surg."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Riad, A., Shabaan, A.A., Issa, J., Ibrahim, S., Amer, H., Mansy, Y., Kassem, I., Kassem, A.B., Howaldt, H., and Klugar, M. (2021). COVID-19-Associated Mucormycosis (CAM): Case-Series and Global Analysis of Mortality Risk Factors. J. Fungi, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/jof7100837"},{"key":"ref_75","first-page":"65","article-title":"COVID-19-associated mucormycosis, diabetes and steroid therapy: Experience in a single centre in Western Mexico","volume":"65","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.13379","article-title":"Results from a national survey on COVID-19-associated mucormycosis in Germany: 13 patients from six tertiary hospitals","volume":"65","author":"Seidel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2021.102322","article-title":"COVID-19 associated mucormycosis: A Descriptive Multisite Study from India","volume":"15","author":"Gupta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. Syndr. Clin. Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2021.102195","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus and Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19) Associated Mucormycosis (CAM): A wake-up call from Egypt","volume":"15","author":"Alfishawy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. Syndr. Clin. Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1097\/IOP.0000000000002030","article-title":"Clinical Presentations, Management and Outcomes of Rhino-Orbital-Cerebral Mucormycosis (ROCM) Following COVID-19: A Multi-Centric Study","volume":"37","author":"Dave","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Plast. Reconstr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.13353","article-title":"Mucormycosis and COVID-19: An epidemic within a pandemic in India","volume":"64","author":"Selarka","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1366","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.13351","article-title":"Increased incidence of rhino-orbital mucormycosis in an educational therapeutic hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic in western Iran: An observational study","volume":"64","author":"Fazeli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2021.102196","article-title":"Diabetes, COVID 19 and mucormycosis: Clinical spectrum and outcome in a tertiary care medical center in Western India","volume":"15","author":"Mishra","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. Syndr."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1670","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_1565_21","article-title":"Epidemiology, clinical profile, management, and outcome of COVID-19-associated rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis in 2826 patients in India\u2014Collaborative OPAI-IJO Study on Mucormycosis in COVID-19 (COSMIC), Report 1","volume":"69","author":"Honavar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Indian J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.13334","article-title":"Mucormycosis in patients with COVID-19: A cross-sectional descriptive multicentre study from Iran","volume":"64","author":"Pakdel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1425","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_2598_21","article-title":"Decoding \u201cguitar pick sign\u201d in COVID-19-associated mucormycosis: A case series","volume":"70","author":"Reddy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Indian J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3505","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S324977","article-title":"Rhino-Orbito-Cerebral-Mucormycosis During the COVID-19 Second Wave in 2021\u2014A Preliminary Report from a Single Hospital","volume":"15","author":"Arora","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3455","DOI":"10.1007\/s12070-021-02784-6","article-title":"Clinical Study of Surge of Mucormycosis in COVID-19 Pandemic: A Tertiary Care Center Study","volume":"74","author":"Gupta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Indian J. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_2736_21","article-title":"Complete and incomplete lower motor neuron facial palsy in post-COVID-19 mucormycosis","volume":"70","author":"Gautam","year":"2022","journal-title":"Indian J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.4103\/lungindia.lungindia_435_21","article-title":"Critical COVID-19-associated pulmonary mucormycosis: The underreported life-threatening spectrum of the mucormycosis epidemic","volume":"39","author":"Mehta","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lung India"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mycmed.2022.101252","article-title":"Pathogenetic factors fanning the flames of COVID-19 to cause rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis: An observational study","volume":"32","author":"Reddy","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Med. Mycol."},{"key":"ref_91","first-page":"339","article-title":"Rhino-orbital mucormycosis: Our experiences with clinical features and management in a tertiary care center","volume":"65","author":"Singh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rom. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_1652_21","article-title":"Orbital magnetic resonance imaging profile and clinicoradiological correlation in COVID-19-associated rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis: A single-center study of 270 patients from North India","volume":"70","author":"Hada","year":"2022","journal-title":"Indian J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.13391","article-title":"Serum iron indices in COVID-19-associated mucormycosis: A case-control study","volume":"65","author":"Kumar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3469","DOI":"10.1007\/s12070-021-02883-4","article-title":"COVID-19, Diabetes and Steroids: The Demonic Trident for Mucormycosis","volume":"74","author":"Bhandari","year":"2021","journal-title":"Indian J. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215121002309","article-title":"Rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis: Fungal epidemic in a viral pandemic","volume":"135","author":"Chouhan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Laryngol. Otol."},{"key":"ref_96","first-page":"e16152","article-title":"Coronavirus Disease-Associated Mucormycosis from a Tertiary Care Hospital in India: A Case Series","volume":"13","author":"Singh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784.e27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2021.07.002","article-title":"Imaging findings using a combined MRI\/CT protocol to identify the \u201centire iceberg\u201d in post-COVID-19 mucormycosis presenting clinically as only \u201cthe tip\u201d","volume":"76","author":"Desai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2021.06.009","article-title":"Management outcomes of mucormycosis in COVID-19 patients: A preliminary report from a tertiary care hospital","volume":"77","author":"Kumari","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med. J. Armed Forces India"},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2417","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-021-07010-1","article-title":"Post-COVID-19 rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis: A new addition to challenges in pandemic control","volume":"279","author":"Mitra","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Oto-Rhino-Laryngol."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcab190","article-title":"COVID-19-associated mucormycosis presenting to the Emergency Department-an observational study of 70 patients","volume":"114","author":"Ramaswami","year":"2021","journal-title":"Qjm Int. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.21.26205","article-title":"CT and MRI Findings of Invasive Mucormycosis in the Setting of COVID-19: Experience from a Single Center in India","volume":"217","author":"Joshi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Roentgenol."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2349","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2709.210934","article-title":"Multicenter Epidemiologic Study of Coronavirus Disease-Associated Mucormycosis, India","volume":"27","author":"Patel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215121000992","article-title":"Post coronavirus disease mucormycosis: A deadly addition to the pandemic spectrum","volume":"135","author":"Sharma","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Laryngol. Otol."},{"key":"ref_104","first-page":"e25652","article-title":"Clinical Characteristics of 100 Patients With COVID-19-Associated Mucormycosis From a Tertiary Care Center in North India","volume":"14","author":"Kant","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eker, C., Tarkan, O., Surmelioglu, O., Dagkiran, M., Tanrisever, I., Karakaya, S.P.Y., Ulas, B., Onan, E., Uguz, A.H., and Ozdemir, S. (2022). Alternating pattern of rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis with COVID-19 in diabetic patients. Eur. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-022-07526-0"},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pandit, A.K., Tangri, P., Misra, S., Srivastava, M.V.P., Bhatnagar, S., Thakar, A., Sikka, K., Panda, S., Vishnu, V.Y., and Singh, R.K. (2022). Mucormycosis in COVID-19 Patients: A Case-Control Study. Microorganisms, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10061209"},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10494","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-13443-3","article-title":"COVID-19 associated mucormycosis in Assiut University Hospitals: A multidisciplinary dilemma","volume":"12","author":"Youssif","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2021.12.009","article-title":"Rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis: An epidemic in a pandemic","volume":"2","author":"Sekaran","year":"2021","journal-title":"IJID Reg."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1933","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S366067","article-title":"Exenterate or Not: A Simple Proposed Management Algorithm for Mucormycosis During the Era of COVID-19 in a Tertiary Eye Care Center in Egypt","volume":"16","author":"Shabana","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"myac044","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myac044","article-title":"Risk factors for COVID-19 associated mucormycosis in India: A case control study","volume":"60","author":"Patel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Med. Mycol."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e757","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2022.06.003","article-title":"A case series of mucormycosis after covid infection in two hospitals","volume":"123","author":"Martins","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Stomatol. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Iqtadar, S., Hashmat, M., Chaudhry, M.N.A., Mumtaz, S.U., Abaidullah, S., Pascual-Figal, D.A., and Khan, A. (2022). Unnecessary Use of Corticosteroids for managing early mild symptoms of COVID-19 may lead to Rhino-ortibal-cerebral mucormycosis in Patients with Diabetes\u2014A case series from Lahore, Pakistan. Ther. Adv. Infect. Dis., 9.","DOI":"10.1177\/20499361221097417"},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.05.005","article-title":"COVID-19-Associated Mucormycosis: An Opportunistic Fungal Infection. A Case Series and Review","volume":"121","author":"Menon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.04.009","article-title":"Posaconazole or isavuconazole as sole or predominant antifungal therapy for COVID-19-associated mucormycosis. A retrospective observational case series","volume":"120","author":"Soman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amsu.2022.103463","article-title":"Mucormycosis (black fungus) infection and misuse of corticosteroids in COVID 19 patients in Syria","volume":"75","author":"Mohsen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann. Med. Surg."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amsu.2022.103434","article-title":"COVID-19 associated with pulmonary mucormycosis: A case series","volume":"76","author":"Ahmed","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann. Med. Surg."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.102156","article-title":"COVID-19 and mucormycosis in Latin America\u2014An emerging concern","volume":"44","author":"Ticona","year":"2021","journal-title":"Travel Med. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Casalini, G., Giacomelli, A., Ridolfo, A., Gervasoni, C., and Antinori, S. (2021). Invasive Fungal Infections Complicating COVID-19: A Narrative Review. J. Fungi, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/jof7110921"},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(21)00442-2","article-title":"Fungal infections in mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19 during the first wave: The French multicentre MYCOVID study","volume":"10","author":"Gangneux","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Respir. Med."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Scharmann, U., Herbstreit, F., Steckel, N.K., Dedy, J., Buer, J., Rath, P.-M., and Verhasselt, H.L. (2022). Prevalence of COVID-19 Associated Mucormycosis in a German Tertiary Care Hospital. J. Fungi, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/jof8030307"},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bhimraj, A., Morgan, R.L., Shumaker, A.H., Baden, L., Cheng, V.C.C., Edwards, K.M., Gallagher, J.C., Gandhi, R.T., Muller, W.J., and Nakamura, M.M. (2022). Infectious Diseases Society of America Guidelines on the Treatment and Management of Patients with COVID-19. Clin. Infect. Dis.","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac724"},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.01.016","article-title":"Evaluation of hospital environment for presence of Mucorales during COVID-19-associated mucormycosis outbreak in India\u2014A multi-centre study","volume":"122","author":"Biswal","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Hosp. Infect."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2021.12.032","article-title":"Letter: Spectrum of hospitalized NeuroCOVID diagnoses from a tertiary care neurology centre in Eastern India","volume":"96","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Krishna, V., Bansal, N., Morjaria, J., and Kaul, S. (2022). COVID-19-Associated Pulmonary Mucormycosis. J. Fungi, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/jof8070711"},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1007\/s13205-021-03080-4","article-title":"COVID-19 associated mucormycosis: Evolving technologies for early and rapid diagnosis","volume":"12","author":"Samson","year":"2021","journal-title":"3 Biotech."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1136\/jim-2021-002179","article-title":"Utility of itraconazole and terbinafine in mucormycosis: A proof-of-concept analysis","volume":"70","author":"Gupta","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Investig. Med."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jointm.2021.07.001","article-title":"COVID-19-Associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis (CAPA)","volume":"1","author":"Dimopoulos","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Intensive Med."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.03.008","article-title":"Survival in rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis: An international, multicenter ID-IRI study","volume":"100","author":"Cag","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10071-23981","article-title":"Posaconazole in the Prevention of COVID-19-associated Mucormycosis: A Concerning Contributor to the Rise in Antifungal Resistance","volume":"25","author":"Khanna","year":"2021","journal-title":"Indian J. Crit. Care Med."}],"container-title":["Diagnostics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/12\/12\/3092\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:36:29Z","timestamp":1760146589000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/12\/12\/3092"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,8]]},"references-count":129,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["diagnostics12123092"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics12123092","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-4418"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2075-4418","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,8]]}}}