{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:43:06Z","timestamp":1787704986948,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,10]],"date-time":"2022-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670630400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Soonchunhyang University Research Fund"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Our knowledge that \u201curine is sterile\u201d is no longer accepted after the development of a next-generation sequencing (NGS) test. Using NGS, microbiota in the human body were discovered, and it is expected that this will improve our understanding of human diseases. However, the mechanism involved in the effect of the microbiome on diseases is still poorly understood. Associations of gut microbiome with diseases have been recently reported. Based on such associations, bladder\u2013gut\u2013brain axis, gut\u2013bladder axis, gut\u2013vagina\u2013bladder axis, and gut\u2013kidney axis as novel mechanisms of action of the microbiome have been suggested. Each axis can influence the development and progression of disease through interactions. In these interactions, metabolites of the microbiome including short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and the inflammasome play an important role. Inflammasomes are multiprotein oligomers that can initiate inflammatory responses. Inflammasomes can trigger inflammation and pyroptosis and ultimately contribute to disease development. SCFAs play an important role in immune cell migration, cytokine production, and maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Associations of inflammasomes with systemic diseases such as obesity and insulin resistance have been reported. The roles of inflammasomes and SCFAs in kidney, bladder, and prostate diseases have also been revealed recently.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12123119","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,12]],"date-time":"2022-12-12T03:36:09Z","timestamp":1670816169000},"page":"3119","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["The Urinary Microbiome; Axis Crosstalk and Short-Chain Fatty Acid"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7195-806X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hee Jo","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Soonchunhyang University School of Medicine, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doo Sang","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Soonchunhyang University School of Medicine, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8882-2492","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kwang Woo","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Soonchunhyang University School of Medicine, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3959-0928","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Young Ho","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Soonchunhyang University School of Medicine, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1376","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.05852-11","article-title":"Evidence of uncultivated bacteria in the adult female bladder","volume":"50","author":"Wolfe","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. 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