{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T23:55:00Z","timestamp":1792022100649,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,13]],"date-time":"2022-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670889600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"American Association of Orthodontists Foundation (AAOF) Orthodontic Faculty Development Fellowship Award"},{"name":"American Association of Orthodontists (AAO) Full-Time Faculty Fellowship Award"},{"name":"University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine Joseph and Josephine Rabinowitz Award for Excellence in Research"},{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Due to the close relationship between the maxillary posterior teeth roots and the maxillary sinus floor, the maxillary sinus can significantly impact various dental treatments, including endodontic procedures and surgical apicectomy, periodontal flap surgery, surgical tooth extraction, dental implantation, and orthognathic surgeries. Specifically, in orthodontics, the location of the maxillary sinus floor may affect tooth movement and insertion of temporary anchorage devices (TADs). This study aims to evaluate the dimensions and location of the maxillary sinus in the Chinese orthodontic patient population with skeletal class I. Using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), the volumetric size, height, width, and depth of the sinus and the amount of alveolar bone below the sinus floor and buccal\/palatal to the sinus wall were compared between patients of different genders and different vertical skeletal patterns. Unlike the previously reported skeletal class II population, the skeletal class I patients with different vertical patterns do not have significantly different size sinuses. On the other hand, males have larger maxillary sinuses in all parameters than females in the testing population. In addition, no significant correlation was noticed between the SN-MP angle and sinus dimensions or between the ANB angle and sinus dimensions. Nevertheless, the distance from the sinus floor to the alveolar bone crest is not correlated with skeletally sagittal or vertical parameters in females but negatively correlated with the skeletal sagittal parameter in males. In summary, different from the skeletal class II population, there is no significant difference in maxillary sinus size and location among different vertical skeletal patterns in the skeletal class I population. Compared to the skeletal class II population, a higher percentage of the skeletal class I population has an alveolar bone with less than 5 mm thickness, representing a narrowed safe zone of TADs placements.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12123144","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,13]],"date-time":"2022-12-13T04:00:11Z","timestamp":1670904011000},"page":"3144","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Maxillary Sinus Dimensions in Skeletal Class I Chinese Population with Different Vertical Skeletal Patterns: A Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Jingyi","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Shannxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, 98 XiWu Road, Xi\u2019an 710004, China"},{"name":"Clinical Research Center of Shannxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, 98 XiWu Road, Xi\u2019an 710004, China"},{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, 98 XiWu Road, Xi\u2019an 710004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abby","family":"Syverson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4905-3563","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhong","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6331-6983","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chenshuang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Baker, E.W., Schuenke, M., and Schulte, E. 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