{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T23:34:25Z","timestamp":1784676865731,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,15]],"date-time":"2022-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671062400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: During oral rehabilitation, dental implants in the posterior maxilla can penetrate the maxillary sinus. The aim was to evaluate the presence of maxillary sinus abnormalities in patients with dental implants in the posterior maxillary region using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study, and CBCT scans of 199 patients (459 dental implants) were evaluated. Implants were assessed according to their relative location to the maxillary sinus floor (up to 2 mm from the maxillary sinus cortex, within 2 mm to intimate contact with the maxillary sinus cortex, apical third inside the maxillary sinus, two-thirds or more inside the maxillary sinus) and bone-fixation tissue (Alveolar ridge or Bone graft). Maxillary sinus abnormalities were classified. Kappa and Weighted Kappa and the Kruskal\u2013Wallis test were applied. Results: A higher prevalence of mucosal thickening and non-specific opacification were observed in implants located within 2 mm to intimate contact with the cortex of the maxillary sinus floor. Of the 66 implants with apical thirds located inside the maxillary sinus, 31 (46.7%) were associated with sinus abnormalities and of all implants (n = 5) with two-thirds or more located inside the maxillary sinus, all of these were associated with sinus abnormalities. No association was observed in relation to implant bone-fixation tissue. Conclusions: This study found a significant association between dental implant placement near or within the sinus and sinus abnormalities, mainly mucosal thickening and non-specific opacification.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12123169","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,15]],"date-time":"2022-12-15T02:20:57Z","timestamp":1671070857000},"page":"3169","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Evaluation of the Maxillary Sinus of Patients with Maxillary Posterior Implants: A CBCT Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Lucas Lenyn Vieira","family":"Chaves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry, Governador Valadares Campus, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares 35010-180, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucas P.","family":"Lopes Rosado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Oral Radiology, Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba 13414-903, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saulo Machado","family":"Piccolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthesis, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14040-904, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liana Matos","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Researcher, Vila Velha 29100-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4134-5756","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kivan\u00e7","family":"Kamburoglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, Ankar 06560, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0732-2753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael Binato","family":"Junqueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry, Governador Valadares Campus, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares 35010-180, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maur\u00edcio Augusto","family":"Aquino de Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5770-316X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francielle Silestre","family":"Verner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry, Governador Valadares Campus, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares 35010-180, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1097\/ID.0000000000000408","article-title":"Implants Displaced Into the Maxillary Sinus: A Systematic Review","volume":"25","author":"Jeong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Implant Dent."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1111\/jopr.12123","article-title":"Maxillary sinusitis caused by dental implants extending into the maxillary sinus and the nasal cavities","volume":"23","author":"Biafora","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. 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Life"}],"container-title":["Diagnostics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/12\/12\/3169\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:41:36Z","timestamp":1760146896000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/12\/12\/3169"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,15]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["diagnostics12123169"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics12123169","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-4418"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2075-4418","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,15]]}}}