{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T08:06:21Z","timestamp":1792137981574,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,19]],"date-time":"2022-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671408000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Amiodarone hydrochloride is an antiarrhythmic drug, with proven efficacy in prevention and treatment of numerous arrhythmias, atrial fibrillation especially, or ventricular arrhythmias, with a long half-life (55\u201360 days). The increased risk of developing amiodarone-induced pulmonary fibrosis is directly related to the dose and the duration of the intake. Amiodarone-induced pulmonary toxicity is conditioned by dose, patient\u2019s age, and pre-existent pulmonary pathologies. The pattern for drug-induced lung injury may vary in many forms, but the amiodarone can cause polymorphous injuries such as diffuse alveolar damage, chronical interstitial pneumonia, organizing pneumonia, pulmonary hemorrhage, lung nodules or pleural disease. The pathological mechanism of pulmonary injury induced by amiodarone consists of the accumulation of phospholipid complexes in histocytes and type II pneumocytes. Differential diagnosis of pulmonary fibrosis induced by amiodarone is made mainly with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, left ventricular failure or infectious disease. Before starting treatment with amiodarone, patients should be informed of potential adverse effects and any new respiratory symptoms should promptly be reported to their family physician or attending physician. The assessment carried out at the initiation of amiodarone treatment should include at least chest X-ray and respiratory function tests and extrapulmonary evaluation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12123217","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,19]],"date-time":"2022-12-19T07:27:30Z","timestamp":1671434850000},"page":"3217","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Pulmonary Fibrosis Related to Amiodarone\u2014Is It a Standard Pathophysiological Pattern? A Case-Based Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7785-0121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Corina Eugenia","family":"Budin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathophysiology Department, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of T\u00e2rgu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania"},{"name":"Pneumology Department, Mures Clinical County Hospital, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5985-2433","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iuliu Gabriel","family":"Cocuz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathophysiology Department, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of T\u00e2rgu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania"},{"name":"Pathology Department, Mures Clinical County Hospital, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian Hora\u021biu","family":"Sab\u0103u","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathophysiology Department, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of T\u00e2rgu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania"},{"name":"Pathology Department, Mures Clinical County Hospital, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raluca","family":"Niculescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathophysiology Department, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of T\u00e2rgu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania"},{"name":"Pathology Department, Mures Clinical County Hospital, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2030-9799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ingrid Renata","family":"Ianosi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of T\u00e2rgu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vladimir","family":"Ioan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of T\u00e2rgu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ovidiu Simion","family":"Cotoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathophysiology Department, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of T\u00e2rgu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania"},{"name":"Pathology Department, Mures Clinical County Hospital, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"100974","article-title":"Amiodarone-induced pulmonary toxicity with an excellent response to treatment: A case report","volume":"29","author":"Terzo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Respir. 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