{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T21:07:18Z","timestamp":1779138438495,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,30]],"date-time":"2022-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672358400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Early in the pandemic, we established COVID-19 Recovery and Engagement (CORE) Clinics in the Bronx and implemented a detailed evaluation protocol to assess physical, emotional, and cognitive function, pulmonary function tests, and imaging for COVID-19 survivors. Here, we report our findings up to five months post-acute COVID-19. Methods: Main outcomes and measures included pulmonary function tests, imaging tests, and a battery of symptom, physical, emotional, and cognitive assessments 5 months post-acute COVID-19. Findings: Dyspnea, fatigue, decreased exercise tolerance, brain fog, and shortness of breath were the most common symptoms but there were generally no significant differences between hospitalized and non-hospitalized cohorts (p &gt; 0.05). Many patients had abnormal physical, emotional, and cognitive scores, but most functioned independently; there were no significant differences between hospitalized and non-hospitalized cohorts (p &gt; 0.05). Six-minute walk tests, lung ultrasound, and diaphragm excursion were abnormal but only in the hospitalized cohort. Pulmonary function tests showed moderately restrictive pulmonary function only in the hospitalized cohort but no obstructive pulmonary function. Newly detected major neurological events, microvascular disease, atrophy, and white-matter changes were rare, but lung opacity and fibrosis-like findings were common after acute COVID-19. Interpretation: Many COVID-19 survivors experienced moderately restrictive pulmonary function, and significant symptoms across the physical, emotional, and cognitive health domains. Newly detected brain imaging abnormalities were rare, but lung imaging abnormalities were common. This study provides insights into post-acute sequelae following SARS-CoV-2 infection in neurological and pulmonary systems which may be used to support at-risk patients and develop effective screening methods and interventions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13010119","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,30]],"date-time":"2022-12-30T03:14:28Z","timestamp":1672370068000},"page":"119","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["COVID-19 Patients in the COVID-19 Recovery and Engagement (CORE) Clinics in the Bronx"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Anna","family":"Eligulashvili","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6498-9442","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Megan","family":"Darrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carolyn","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeylin","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seth","family":"Congdon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine,  Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jimmy S.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Judy","family":"Yee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marjan","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine,  Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6403-2827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tim Q.","family":"Duong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101019","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.101019","article-title":"Characterizing long COVID in an international cohort: 7 months of symptoms and their impact","volume":"38","author":"Davis","year":"2021","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.17709","article-title":"As Their Numbers Grow, COVID-19 \u201cLong Haulers\u201d Stump Experts","volume":"324","author":"Rubin","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100463","article-title":"Follow-up study of the pulmonary function and related physiological characteristics of COVID-19 survivors three months after recovery","volume":"25","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1914","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.1914","article-title":"New-onset and persistent neurological and psychiatric sequelae of COVID-19 compared to influenza: A retrospective cohort study in a large New York City healthcare network","volume":"31","author":"Iosifescu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. 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