{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T08:15:29Z","timestamp":1790151329774,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,4]],"date-time":"2023-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672790400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This article systematizes available data from the literature on biliary gastritis (BG) in order to increase the awareness of specialists about the latest possibilities for diagnosing the disease. BG occurs as a result of pathological duodenogastric reflux. In patients with a preserved duodenogastric junction, the dominant factor is represented by motor disorders of the upper digestive tract (primary biliary gastritis), while in patients recovering from surgical interventions it is represented by structural changes (secondary biliary gastritis). Progressive BG can lead to atrophy of the gastric mucosa, intestinal metaplasia, epithelial dysplasia, and eventually to gastric cancer. Diagnostic methods for BG are carried out to identify risk factors, exclude alarm symptoms and identify persistent motor disorders and pathological reflux (24 h pH-impedancemetry, hepatobiliary scintigraphy, 24 h monitoring of bilirubin content in the reflux using a Bilitec 2000 photometer), as well as to diagnose gastritis itself (esophagogastroduodenoscopy, morphological gastrobiopsy examination). The diagnosis of BG should be based on a multidisciplinary approach that combines a thorough analysis of a patient\u2019s complaints, an anamnesis of the disease, and the results of endoscopic and histological research methods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13020186","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,5]],"date-time":"2023-01-05T01:33:30Z","timestamp":1672882410000},"page":"186","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Diagnostic Principles for Chronic Gastritis Associated with Duodenogastric Reflux"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6581-7017","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria A.","family":"Livzan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Faculty Therapy and Gastroenterology, Omsk State Medical University, 644099 Omsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7200-7082","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergei I.","family":"Mozgovoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathological Anatomy, Omsk State Medical University, 644099 Omsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9370-4768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olga V.","family":"Gaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Faculty Therapy and Gastroenterology, Omsk State Medical University, 644099 Omsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2815-3992","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dmitry S.","family":"Bordin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"A.S. Loginov Moscow Clinical Scientific Center, Department of Pathology of the Pancreas, Biliary Tract and Upper Digestive Tract, 111123 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Department of Propaedeutics of Internal Diseases and Gastroenterology, A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, 127473 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Department of General Medical Practice and Family Medicine, Tver State Medical University, 170100 Tver, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexei V.","family":"Kononov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathological Anatomy, Omsk State Medical University, 644099 Omsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2015-309252","article-title":"Kyoto global consensus report on Helicobacter pylori gastritis","volume":"64","author":"Sugano","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.24953\/turkjped.2020.2839","article-title":"Does bile reflux reduce Helicobacter pylori gastritis?","volume":"64","author":"Karakoyun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Turk. 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