{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T17:29:16Z","timestamp":1791566956566,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,6]],"date-time":"2023-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672963200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Due to its widespread availability, low cost, feasibility at the patient\u2019s bedside and accessibility even in low-resource settings, chest X-ray is one of the most requested examinations in radiology departments. Whilst it provides essential information on thoracic pathology, it can be difficult to interpret and is prone to diagnostic errors, particularly in the emergency setting. The increasing availability of large chest X-ray datasets has allowed the development of reliable Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools to help radiologists in everyday clinical practice. AI integration into the diagnostic workflow would benefit patients, radiologists, and healthcare systems in terms of improved and standardized reporting accuracy, quicker diagnosis, more efficient management, and appropriateness of the therapy. This review article aims to provide an overview of the applications of AI for chest X-rays in the emergency setting, emphasizing the detection and evaluation of pneumothorax, pneumonia, heart failure, and pleural effusion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13020216","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,9]],"date-time":"2023-01-09T03:25:58Z","timestamp":1673234758000},"page":"216","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Chest X-ray in Emergency Radiology: What Artificial Intelligence Applications Are Available?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6891-9476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Irmici","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduation School in Radiodiagnostics, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Via Festa del Perdono, 7, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8906-5665","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maurizio","family":"C\u00e8","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduation School in Radiodiagnostics, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Via Festa del Perdono, 7, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Caloro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduation School in Radiodiagnostics, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Via Festa del Perdono, 7, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natallia","family":"Khenkina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduation School in Radiodiagnostics, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Via Festa del Perdono, 7, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianmarco","family":"Della Pepa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduation School in Radiodiagnostics, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Via Festa del Perdono, 7, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8041-4075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Velio","family":"Ascenti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduation School in Radiodiagnostics, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Via Festa del Perdono, 7, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6391-8992","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlo","family":"Martinenghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology Department, San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Papa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Diagnostic Imaging and Stereotactic Radiosurgery, Centro Diagnostico Italiano, Via Saint Bon 20, 20147 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giancarlo","family":"Oliva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology Department, Fatebenefratelli Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milano, Piazza Principessa Clotilde 3, 20121 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7401-1971","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michaela","family":"Cellina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology Department, Fatebenefratelli Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milano, Piazza Principessa Clotilde 3, 20121 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, D., Pehrson, L.M., Lauridsen, C.A., T\u00f8ttrup, L., Fraccaro, M., Elliott, D., Zaj\u0105c, H.D., Darkner, S., Carlsen, J.F., and Nielsen, M.B. 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