{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:46:15Z","timestamp":1760147175102,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,14]],"date-time":"2023-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673654400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Aims: To compare retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and choroidal thickness in patients with exfoliation syndrome (XFS) and exfoliative glaucoma (XFG) for 1\u20135 years or 6\u201310 years compared to healthy volunteers. Methods and Material: Seventy-eight eyes of 78 patients with XFG, 78 eyes of 78 patients with XFS, and 83 eyes of 83 healthy individuals were included in this prospective study. SD-OCT data for choroid thickness and RNFL were recorded. Results: RNFL thickness was statistically significantly lower in eyes with XFG and XFS than in the control group (p &lt; 0.001). Macular choroidal thickness decreased significantly in the XFG group compared to the XFS and control groups (p &lt; 0.001). No significant difference was observed between the XFS and control groups (p &gt; 0.05). In terms of choroidal and RNFL thicknesses by years in XFG and XFS patients, values were lower in the patients diagnosed 6\u201310 years previously than in those diagnosed 1\u20135 years previously. However, the difference was not statistically significant (p &gt; 0.05). Conclusions: Thinning of both choroidal and RNLF thickness in XFG and XFS patients may mean that PEX material is an important risk factor for the progression of XFS to XFG. In addition, thinner choroid and RNLF thickness in the 6\u201310 years groups show the effect of PEX material and the importance of time.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13020314","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,16]],"date-time":"2023-01-16T03:40:34Z","timestamp":1673840434000},"page":"314","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Evaluation of the Effect of Duration on Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness and Choroidal Thickness in Exfoliation Syndrome and Exfoliative Glaucoma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9795-8228","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00fcsl\u00fcm","family":"Toptan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Sanliurfa 63200, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5077-8721","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"Simsek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Sanliurfa 63200, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1055\/a-0972-4548","article-title":"Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome and Glaucoma","volume":"236","author":"Nobl","year":"2019","journal-title":"Klin Monbl Augenheilkd"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"907","article-title":"Management of exfoliative glaucoma: Challenges and solutions","volume":"9","author":"Katsanos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/370371","article-title":"Pseudoexfoliation syndrome and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma: A review of the literature with updates on surgical management","volume":"2015","author":"Plateroti","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"S67","article-title":"Ocular Findings in Exfoliation Syndrome","volume":"27","author":"Ritch","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1097\/IJG.0b013e3181996ef4","article-title":"Quantifying retinal nerve fiber layer loss in glaucoma using a model of unilateral hypertensive pseudoexfoliation syndrome","volume":"18","author":"Barkana","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Glaucoma"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Takai, Y., Tanito, M., Omura, T., Kawasaki, R., Kawasaki, Y., and Ohira, A. (2017). Comparisons of retinal vessel diameter and glaucomatous parameters between both eyes of subjects with clinically unilateral pseudoexfoliation syndrome. PLoS ONE, 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0179663"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(01)00572-3","article-title":"Ocular hemodynamics in pseudoexfoliation syndrome and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma","volume":"108","author":"Arslan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3430","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-6600","article-title":"Lack of association between glaucoma and macular choroidal thickness measured with enhanced depth-imaging optical coherence tomography","volume":"52","author":"Mwanza","year":"2011","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"9","article-title":"Retinal and Choroidal Vascular Changes in Eyes with Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome: A Comparative Study Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography","volume":"37","author":"Aslan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Balkan Med. J."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.5336\/ophthal.2016-50508","article-title":"Evaluation of choroidal thickness in patients with primary open angle glaucoma and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma","volume":"25","author":"Dursun","year":"2016","journal-title":"Turk. Klin. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1097\/IJG.0000000000000166","article-title":"Is there any role for the choroid in glaucoma?","volume":"2016","author":"Goharian","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Glaucoma"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.5336\/ophthal.2019-72739","article-title":"Comparison of Choroidal Thickness in Patients with Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome and Pseudoexfoliative Glaucoma with Normal Subjects","volume":"29","author":"Aydin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Turk. Klin. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-8782","article-title":"Diurnal Variation of Choroidal Thickness in Normal, Healthy Subjects Measured by Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography","volume":"53","author":"Tan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2020-316152","article-title":"Accuracy of optical coherence tomography for diagnosing glaucoma: An overview of systematic reviews","volume":"105","author":"Michelessi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S83","DOI":"10.1097\/IJG.0000000000000906","article-title":"Mechanisms of Glaucoma in Exfoliation Syndrome","volume":"27","author":"Ozaki","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Glaucoma"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.3109\/08820538.2013.821509","article-title":"Correlation between optic nerve head parameters, RNFL, and CCT in patients with bilateral pseudoexfoliation using HRT-III","volume":"30","author":"Vergados","year":"2015","journal-title":"Semin. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1159\/000479377","article-title":"Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness Changes in the Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis of Case-Control Studies","volume":"59","author":"Yu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Res."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"332","article-title":"Retinal vessel diameters and their correlation with retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome","volume":"8","author":"Ozmen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1097\/00061198-200212000-00012","article-title":"Unilateral exfoliation syndrome: Conversion to bilateral exfoliation and to glaucoma: A prospective 10-year follow-up study","volume":"11","author":"Puska","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Glaucoma"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-9233.56228","article-title":"Detection of early glaucomatous damage in pseudo exfoliation syndrome by assessment of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness","volume":"16","author":"Mohamed","year":"2009","journal-title":"Middle East Afr. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-007-0709-z","article-title":"Ocular perfusion pressure and retrobulbar haemodynamics in pseudoexfoliative glaucoma","volume":"246","author":"Galassi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1097\/IJG.0000000000000629","article-title":"Choroidal Vessel Diameters in Pseudoexfoliation and Pseudoexfoliation Glaucoma Analyzed Using Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography","volume":"26","author":"Sarrafpour","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Glaucoma"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-008-0841-4","article-title":"Retrobulbar hemodynamic parameters in pseudoexfoliation syndrome and pseudoexfoliative glaucoma","volume":"246","author":"Martinez","year":"2008","journal-title":"Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16252","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-95320-z","article-title":"In vivo multimodal retinal imaging of disease-related pigmentary changes in retinal pigment epithelium","volume":"11","author":"Meleppat","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.5301\/ejo.5000460","article-title":"Choroidal thinning in pseudoexfoliation syndrome detected by enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography","volume":"24","author":"Goktas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"184","article-title":"Evaluation of the macular choroidal thickness using spectral optical coherence tomography in pseudoexfoliation glaucoma","volume":"25","author":"Bayhan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1159\/000371899","article-title":"Measurement of Subfoveal Choroidal Thickness in Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome Using Enhanced Depth Imaging Optical Coherence Tomography","volume":"233","author":"Yenerel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ophthalmologica"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-014-9977-x","article-title":"Choroidal thickness changes in patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome","volume":"35","author":"Zengin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joco.2017.06.009","article-title":"Comparison of macular choroidal thickness in patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome to normal control subjects with enhanced depth SD-OCT imaging","volume":"29","author":"Moghimi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Curr. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.3109\/08820538.2015.1090611","article-title":"The effect of pseudoexfoliation syndrome on the retinal nerve fiber layer and choroid thickness","volume":"32","author":"Demircan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Semin. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1080\/00325481.2016.1170579","article-title":"Evaluation of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and choroidal thickness in pseudoexfoliative glaucoma and pseudoexfoliative syndrome","volume":"128","author":"Ozge","year":"2016","journal-title":"Postgrad. Med."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5076","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.17-21745","article-title":"Changes in Choroidal Blood Flow and Morphology in Response to Increase in Intraocular Pressure","volume":"58","author":"Akahori","year":"2017","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1080\/15569527.2017.1315128","article-title":"Evaluation of the effects on choroidal thickness of bimatoprost 0.03% versus a brinzolamide 1.0%\/timolol maleate 0.5% fixed combination","volume":"36","author":"Akyol","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cutan. Ocul. Toxicol."}],"container-title":["Diagnostics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/13\/2\/314\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T18:06:23Z","timestamp":1760119583000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/13\/2\/314"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,14]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]}},"alternative-id":["diagnostics13020314"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics13020314","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-4418"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2075-4418"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,14]]}}}