{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T18:40:42Z","timestamp":1792176042311,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,27]],"date-time":"2023-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674777600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction requires lifelong surveillance and management for the perseveration of patients\u2019 quality of life and the prevention of significant morbidity and mortality. Urine biomarkers are an attractive noninvasive method of surveillance for these patients. The aim of this systematic review is to search for and critically appraise studies that investigate the clinical usefulness of urine biomarkers in the management of neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD) in adults. Methods: This review was conducted according to PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines. Search strategy included PubMed, CENTRAL, and Scopus (until October 2022). Studies investigating potential urine biomarkers for the management of adults with NLUTD were included. Results: Fifteen studies fulfilled the criteria. To date, a variety of different urine molecules have been investigated for the diagnosis and management of neurogenic overactive bladder and detrusor overactivity (nerve growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, prostaglandin E2, prostaglandin F2\u03b1, transformation growth factor \u03b2-1, tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase-2, matrix metalloproteinase-2, substance P, microRNA), diagnosis of vesicoureteral reflux (exosomal vitronectin), urinary tract infection (neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, interleukin 6) and bladder cancer screening (cytology, BTA stat, survivin) in neurological patients. Conclusion: Further studies are needed to specify the utility of each molecule in the management algorithm of adult NLUTD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13030468","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,30]],"date-time":"2023-01-30T08:28:23Z","timestamp":1675067303000},"page":"468","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Urine Biomarkers in the Management of Adult Neurogenic Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4688-8343","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Periklis","family":"Koukourikis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd Department of Urology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, General Hospital \u2018Papageorgiou\u2019, Thessaloniki 56429, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3149-6523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Papaioannou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6669-5982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dimitrios","family":"Papanikolaou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd Department of Urology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, General Hospital \u2018Papageorgiou\u2019, Thessaloniki 56429, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Apostolos","family":"Apostolidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd Department of Urology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, General Hospital \u2018Papageorgiou\u2019, Thessaloniki 56429, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1177\/1535370217750088","article-title":"Biomarker definitions and their applications","volume":"243","author":"Califf","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp. 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