{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T17:31:35Z","timestamp":1787765495344,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,29]],"date-time":"2023-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674950400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003524","name":"New Zealand Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UOCX1404"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UOCX1404"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003524","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"MARS Bioimaging Ltd.","award":["UOCX1404"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UOCX1404"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A key process in the development of atherosclerotic plaques is the recruitment of monocytes into the artery wall. Using spectral photon-counting computed tomography we examine whether monocyte deposition within the artery wall of ApoE-\/- mouse can be detected. Primary mouse monocytes were labelled by incubating them with 15 nm gold nanoparticles coated with 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid The monocyte uptake of the particle was confirmed by electron microscopy of the cells before injection into 6-week-old apolipoprotein E deficient (ApoE-\/-) mouse that had been fed with the Western diet for 10 weeks. Four days following injection, the mouse was sacrificed and imaged using a MARS spectral photon counting computed tomography scanner with a spectral range of 7 to 120 KeV with five energy bins. Imaging analysis showed the presence of X-ray dense material within the mouse aortic arch which was consistent with the spectral characteristic of gold rather than calcium. The imaging is interpreted as showing the deposition of gold nanoparticles containing monocytes within the mouse aorta. The results of our study determined that spectral photon-counting computed tomography could provide quantitative information about gold nanoparticles labelled monocytes in voxels of 90 \u00d7 90 \u00d7 90 \u00b5m3. The imaging was consistent with previous micro-CT and electron microscopy of mice using the same nanoparticles. This study demonstrates that spectral photon-counting computed tomography, using a MARS small bore scanner, can detect a fundamental atherogenic process within mouse models of atherogenesis. The present study demonstrates the feasibility of spectral photon-counting computed tomography as an emerging molecular imaging modality to detect atherosclerotic disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13030499","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,30]],"date-time":"2023-01-30T08:28:23Z","timestamp":1675067303000},"page":"499","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Spectral Photon-Counting CT Imaging of Gold Nanoparticle Labelled Monocytes for Detection of Atherosclerosis: A Preclinical Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Mahdieh","family":"Moghiseh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of Otago, Christchurch 9016, New Zealand"},{"name":"MARS Bioimaging Ltd., Christchurch 8041, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Searle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MARS Bioimaging Ltd., Christchurch 8041, New Zealand"},{"name":"Free Radical Biochemistry Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8041, New Zealand"},{"name":"Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8041, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Devyani","family":"Dixit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MARS Bioimaging Ltd., Christchurch 8041, New Zealand"},{"name":"Free Radical Biochemistry Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8041, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johoon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Radiology, Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuxi C.","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Radiology, Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David P.","family":"Cormode","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Radiology, Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Butler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of Otago, Christchurch 9016, New Zealand"},{"name":"MARS Bioimaging Ltd., Christchurch 8041, New Zealand"},{"name":"Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8041, New Zealand"},{"name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven P.","family":"Gieseg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of Otago, Christchurch 9016, New Zealand"},{"name":"MARS Bioimaging Ltd., Christchurch 8041, New Zealand"},{"name":"Free Radical Biochemistry Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8041, New Zealand"},{"name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"MARS Bioimaging Ltd.","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1161\/hc0902.104353","article-title":"Inflammation and atherosclerosis","volume":"105","author":"Libby","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.114.302355","article-title":"Atherosclerotic plaque destabilization: Mechanisms, models, and therapeutic strategies","volume":"114","author":"Weber","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circ. 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