{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T14:52:36Z","timestamp":1784299956040,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,7]],"date-time":"2023-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675728000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The ability of microwave radiometry (MWR) to detect with high accuracy in-depth temperature changes in human tissues is under investigation in various medical fields. The need for non-invasive, easily accessible imaging biomarkers for the diagnosis and monitoring of inflammatory arthritis provides the background for this application in order to detect the local temperature increase due to the inflammatory process by placing the appropriate MWR sensor on the skin over the joint. Indeed, a number of studies reviewed herein have reported interesting results, suggesting that MWR is useful for the differential diagnosis of arthritis as well as for the assessment of clinical and subclinical inflammation at the individual large or small joint level and the patient level. MWR showed higher agreement with musculoskeletal ultrasound, used as a reference, than with clinical examination in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), while it also appeared useful for the assessment of back pain and sacroiliitis. Further studies with a larger number of patients are warranted to confirm these findings, taking into account the current limitations of the available MWR devices. This may lead to the production of easily accessible and inexpensive MWR devices that will provide a powerful impetus for personalized medicine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13040609","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]],"date-time":"2023-02-08T04:21:59Z","timestamp":1675830119000},"page":"609","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Microwave Radiometry for the Diagnosis and Monitoring of Inflammatory Arthritis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Katerina","family":"Laskari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Unit, 1st Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Joint Academic Rheumatology Program, University of Athens, Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, 75 Mikras Asias Street, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elias","family":"Siores","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece"},{"name":"Institute of Materials Research and Innovation, University of Bolton, Bolton BL3 5AB, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2238-0975","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Tektonidou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Unit, 1st Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Joint Academic Rheumatology Program, University of Athens, Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, 75 Mikras Asias Street, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petros","family":"Sfikakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Unit, 1st Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Joint Academic Rheumatology Program, University of Athens, Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, 75 Mikras Asias Street, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kez373","article-title":"Joint microwave radiometry for inflammatory arthritis assessment","volume":"59","author":"Laskari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4892","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keac239","article-title":"An ultrasound negative for subclinical synovitis in arthralgia patients: Is it helpful in identifying those not developing arthritis?","volume":"61","author":"Rogier","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2110","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keu217","article-title":"Prevalence of ultrasound-detected residual synovitis and risk of relapse and structural progression in rheumatoid arthritis patients in clinical remission: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"53","author":"Nguyen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"792","article-title":"Should imaging be a component of rheumatoid arthritis remission criteria? 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