{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T19:58:52Z","timestamp":1792180732911,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,9]],"date-time":"2023-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675900800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage (PT-GBD) has been the treatment of choice for acute cholecystitis patients who are not suitable for surgery. The effectiveness of endoscopic ultrasound-guided gallbladder drainage (EUS-GBD) as an alternative to PT-GBD is not clear. In this meta-analysis, we have compared their efficacy and adverse events. Methods: We adhered to the PRISMA statement to conduct this meta-analysis. Online databases were searched for studies that compared EUS-GBD and PT-GBD for acute cholecystitis. The primary outcomes of interest were technical success, clinical success, and adverse events. The pooled odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated using the random-effects model. Results: A total of 396 articles were screened, and 11 eligible studies were identified. There were 1136 patients, of which 57.5% were male, 477 (mean age 73.33 \u00b1 11.28 years) underwent EUS-GBD, and 698 (mean age 73.77 \u00b1 8.7 years) underwent PT-GBD. EUS-GBD had significantly better technical success (OR 0.40; 95% CI 0.17\u20130.94; p = 0.04), fewer adverse events (OR 0.35; 95% CI 0.21\u20130.61; p = 0.00), and lower reintervention rates (OR 0.18; 95% CI 0.05\u20130.57; p = 0.00) than PT-GBD. No difference in clinical success (OR 1.34; 95% CI 0.65\u20132.79; p = 0.42), readmission rate (OR 0.34; 95% CI 0.08\u20131.54; p = 0.16), or mortality rate (OR 0.73; 95% CI 0.30\u20131.80; p = 0.50) was noted. There was low heterogeneity (I2 = 0) among the studies. Egger\u2019s test showed no significant publication bias (p = 0.595). Conclusion: EUS-GBD can be a safe and effective alternative to PT-GBD for treating acute cholecystitis in non-surgical patients and has fewer adverse events and a lower reintervention rate than PT-GBD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13040657","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,10]],"date-time":"2023-02-10T04:48:03Z","timestamp":1676004483000},"page":"657","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Gallbladder Drainage versus Percutaneous Gallbladder Drainage for Acute Cholecystitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Umesha","family":"Boregowda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Advanced Endoscopy, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Millie","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Advanced Endoscopy, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shreyas","family":"Saligram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Advanced Endoscopy, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1007\/s00534-006-1159-4","article-title":"Diagnostic criteria and severity assessment of acute cholecystitis: Tokyo Guidelines","volume":"14","author":"Hirota","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. 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