{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T11:17:48Z","timestamp":1775819868941,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,22]],"date-time":"2023-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677024000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Government of India","award":["Uchhatar Avishkar Yojana R.D.\/0120-MHRDUP3-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Uchhatar Avishkar Yojana R.D.\/0120-MHRDUP3-001"]}]},{"name":"Government of India","award":["BT\/PR13114\/INF\/22\/206\/2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BT\/PR13114\/INF\/22\/206\/2015"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010803","name":"Department of Biotechnology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Uchhatar Avishkar Yojana R.D.\/0120-MHRDUP3-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Uchhatar Avishkar Yojana R.D.\/0120-MHRDUP3-001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010803","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010803","name":"Department of Biotechnology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BT\/PR13114\/INF\/22\/206\/2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BT\/PR13114\/INF\/22\/206\/2015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010803","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"MHRD","award":["Uchhatar Avishkar Yojana R.D.\/0120-MHRDUP3-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Uchhatar Avishkar Yojana R.D.\/0120-MHRDUP3-001"]}]},{"name":"MHRD","award":["BT\/PR13114\/INF\/22\/206\/2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BT\/PR13114\/INF\/22\/206\/2015"]}]},{"name":"I.I.T. Bombay","award":["Uchhatar Avishkar Yojana R.D.\/0120-MHRDUP3-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Uchhatar Avishkar Yojana R.D.\/0120-MHRDUP3-001"]}]},{"name":"I.I.T. Bombay","award":["BT\/PR13114\/INF\/22\/206\/2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BT\/PR13114\/INF\/22\/206\/2015"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The World Health Organization (WHO) has set forth a global call for eradicating malaria, caused majorly by the protozoan parasites Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax. The lack of diagnostic biomarkers for P. vivax, especially those that differentiate the parasite from P. falciparum, significantly hinders P. vivax elimination. Here, we show that P. vivax tryptophan-rich antigen (PvTRAg) can be a diagnostic biomarker for diagnosing P. vivax in malaria patients. We report that polyclonal antibodies against purified PvTRAg protein show interactions with purified PvTRAg and native PvTRAg using Western blots and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We also developed an antibody-antigen-based qualitative assay using biolayer interferometry (BLI) to detect vivax infection using plasma samples from patients with different febrile diseases and healthy controls. The polyclonal anti-PvTRAg antibodies were used to capture free native PvTRAg from the patient plasma samples using BLI, providing a new expansion range to make the assay quick, accurate, sensitive, and high-throughput. The data presented in this report provides a proof of concept for PvTRAg, a new antigen, for developing a diagnostic assay for P. vivax identification and differentiation from the rest of the Plasmodium species and, at a later stage, translating the BLI assay into affordable, point-of-care formats to make it more accessible.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13050835","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,22]],"date-time":"2023-02-22T04:33:56Z","timestamp":1677040436000},"page":"835","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Polyclonal Antibody Generation against PvTRAg for the Development of a Diagnostic Assay for Plasmodium vivax"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5951-2102","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shalini","family":"Aggarwal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610010, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6224-9694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Selvamano","family":"Selvaraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Bio-Separation Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jayaprakash Nattamai","family":"Subramanian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Bio-Separation Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mookambeswaran Arunachalam","family":"Vijayalakshmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Bio-Separation Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Swati","family":"Patankar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5159-6834","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanjeeva","family":"Srivastava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aggarwal, S., Peng, W.K., and Srivastava, S. 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