{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T06:22:16Z","timestamp":1792650136666,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,14]],"date-time":"2023-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678752000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005866","name":"Far Eastern Memorial Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FEMH-2021-C-052"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FEMH-2021-C-052"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005866","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: In this systematic review, we summarized the indications for and outcomes of three main unilateral biportal endoscopic (UBE) approaches for the decompression of degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis (DLSS). Methods: A comprehensive search of the literature was performed using Ovid Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, and Ovid\u2019s Cochrane Library. The following information was collected: surgical data; patients\u2019 scores on the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and Macnab criteria; and surgical complications. Results: In total, 23 articles comprising 7 retrospective comparative studies, 2 prospective comparative studies, 12 retrospectives case series, and 2 randomized controlled trials were selected for quantitative analysis. The interlaminar approach for central and bilateral lateral recess stenoses, contralateral approach for isolated lateral recess stenosis, and paraspinal approach for foraminal stenosis were used in 16, 2, and 4 studies, respectively. In one study, both interlaminar and contralateral approaches were used. L4-5 was the most common level decompressed using the interlaminar and contralateral approaches, whereas L5-S1 was the most common level decompressed using the paraspinal approach. All three approaches provided favorable clinical outcomes at the final follow-up, with considerable improvements in patients\u2019 VAS scores for leg pain (63.6\u201373.5%) and ODI scores (67.2\u201371%). The overall complication rate was &lt;6%. Conclusions: The three approaches of UBE surgery are effective and safe for the decompression of various types of DLSS. In the future, long-term prospective studies and randomized control trials are warranted to explore this new technique further and to compare it with conventional surgical techniques.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13061092","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,14]],"date-time":"2023-03-14T03:04:46Z","timestamp":1678763086000},"page":"1092","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Indications for and Outcomes of Three Unilateral Biportal Endoscopic Approaches for the Decompression of Degenerative Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Anh Tuan","family":"Bui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"International Ph.D. Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Spine Surgery, Military Hospital 103, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8966-7204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giam Minh","family":"Trinh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Ph.D. Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Trauma-Orthopedics, College of Medicine, Pham Ngoc Thach Medical University, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam"},{"name":"Hospital for Traumatology and Orthopedics, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1606-2444","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meng-Huang","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tung Thanh","family":"Hoang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Spine Surgery, Military Hospital 103, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming-Hsiao","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2000-5146","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jwo-Luen","family":"Pao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 220, Taiwan"},{"name":"General Education Center, Lunghwa University of Science & Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2009.03.005","article-title":"Spinal stenosis prevalence and association with symptoms: The Framingham Study","volume":"9","author":"Kalichman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Spine J."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Machado, G.C., Ferreira, P.H., Yoo, R.I., Harris, I.A., Pinheiro, M.B., Koes, B.W., van Tulder, M.W., Rzewuska, M., Maher, C.G., and Ferreira, M.L. 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