{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T08:02:55Z","timestamp":1768464175867,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,14]],"date-time":"2023-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678752000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Healing from viral warts lesions can be hard to achieve in immunocompromised subjects like HIV-positive patients. The therapeutic target in immunocompetent subjects can be reached using different methods, including topical ointments, cryotherapy, laser therapy, imiquimod, and photodynamic therapy (PDT). We present a case of a male HIV-positive patient who came to the Dermatology department with multifocal wart lesions on his face, auricular, and retro-auricular areas after treatment with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). In our case, surprisingly, only one session of PDT proved to induce complete regression of lesions which, despite their thickness, had a much more robust response to treatment than we could have possibly expected. After a brief review of the literature, it is possible to state that PDT revealed itself to be a valid option in immunocompromised patients who have a major risk of relapse.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13061098","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,15]],"date-time":"2023-03-15T04:39:45Z","timestamp":1678855185000},"page":"1098","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Photodynamic Therapy Used to Treat an HIV Patient with an Efflorescence of Viral Warts after HAART Therapy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Francesca","family":"Ambrogio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandre Raphael","family":"Meduri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Infante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases, ASL BAT, 76011 Bisceglie, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melita Anna","family":"Poli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Romita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1319-4946","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Domenico","family":"Bonamonte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raffaele","family":"Filotico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4792-3545","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Ingravallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Molecular Pathology, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0325-4316","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerardo","family":"Cazzato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Molecular Pathology, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d, 70124 Bari, 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Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2013.06.007","article-title":"Diseases associated with human papillomavirus infection","volume":"445","author":"Cubie","year":"2013","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1370\/afm.1508","article-title":"Natural Course of Cutaneous Warts Among Primary Schoolchildren: A Prospective Cohort Study","volume":"11","author":"Bruggink","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann. 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STD AIDS"}],"container-title":["Diagnostics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/13\/6\/1098\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T18:54:53Z","timestamp":1760122493000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/13\/6\/1098"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,14]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]}},"alternative-id":["diagnostics13061098"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics13061098","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-4418"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2075-4418","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,14]]}}}