{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T10:09:23Z","timestamp":1774951763385,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,18]],"date-time":"2023-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679097600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The temperature of the brain can reflect the activity of its different regions, allowing us to evaluate the connections between them. A study involving 111 patients in a vegetative state or minimally conscious state used microwave radiometry to measure their cortical temperature. The patients were divided into a main group receiving a 10-day selective craniocerebral hypothermia (SCCH) procedure, and a control group receiving basic therapy and rehabilitation. The main group showed a significant improvement in consciousness level as measured by CRS-R assessment on day 14 compared to the control group. Temperature heterogeneity increased in patients who received SCCH, while remaining stable in the control group. The use of microwave radiometry to assess rehabilitation effectiveness and the inclusion of SCCH in rehabilitation programs appears to be a promising approach.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13061159","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,20]],"date-time":"2023-03-20T02:38:27Z","timestamp":1679279907000},"page":"1159","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Correction of Local Brain Temperature after Severe Brain Injury Using Hypothermia and Medical Microwave Radiometry (MWR) as Companion Diagnostics"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Oleg A.","family":"Shevelev","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Research and Clinical Centre for Resuscitation and Rehabilitology, 107031 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Department of General Pathology and Pathological Physiology, Institute of Medicine, Peoples\u2019 Friendship University of Russia, 117198 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marina V.","family":"Petrova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Research and Clinical Centre for Resuscitation and Rehabilitology, 107031 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Department of General Pathology and Pathological Physiology, Institute of Medicine, Peoples\u2019 Friendship University of Russia, 117198 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6928-2320","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elias M.","family":"Mengistu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Research and Clinical Centre for Resuscitation and Rehabilitology, 107031 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Department of General Pathology and Pathological Physiology, Institute of Medicine, Peoples\u2019 Friendship University of Russia, 117198 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0284-8913","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mikhail Y.","family":"Yuriev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Research and Clinical Centre for Resuscitation and Rehabilitology, 107031 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Inna Z.","family":"Kostenkova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Research and Clinical Centre for Resuscitation and Rehabilitology, 107031 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4353-8962","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergey G.","family":"Vesnin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Microwave Radiometry (MMWR) LTD, Edinburgh EH10 5LZ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael M.","family":"Kanarskii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Research and Clinical Centre for Resuscitation and Rehabilitology, 107031 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6550-4777","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria A.","family":"Zhdanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Research and Clinical Centre for Resuscitation and Rehabilitology, 107031 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Igor","family":"Goryanin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, UK"},{"name":"Biological Systems Unit, Okinawa Institute Science and Technology, Onna 904-0495, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"5","article-title":"Russian working group on problems of chronic disorders of consciousness. Chronic disorders of consciousness: Terminology and diagnostic criteria. The results of the first meeting of the Russian working group on the problems of chronic disorders of consciousness","volume":"14","author":"Piradov","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2013.279","article-title":"Disorders of consciousness after acquired brain injury: The state of the science","volume":"10","author":"Giacino","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"6","article-title":"Structural and functional bases of chronic disorders of consciousness","volume":"12","author":"Piradov","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"25","article-title":"The Russian version of the revised coma recovery scale is a standardized method for assessing patients with chronic impairment of consciousness","volume":"3","author":"Mochalova","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.14151","article-title":"European Academy of Neurology guideline on the diagnosis of coma and other disorders of consciousness","volume":"27","author":"Kondziellaa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Michael, H. (2022). Marino, John Whyte Treatment Trials in Disorders of Consciousness: Challenges and Future Directions. Brain Sci., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci12050569"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85.e9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2014.10.014","article-title":"The Vegetative State: Prevalence, Misdiagnosis, and Treatment Limitations","volume":"16","author":"Lavrijsen","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.3171\/2016.10.JNS161071","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation for the early treatment of the minimally conscious state and vegetative state: Experience in 14 patients","volume":"128","author":"Chudy","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(19)30031-6","article-title":"Therapeutic interventions in patients with disorders of consciousness","volume":"18","author":"Thibaut","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2020.01.016","article-title":"Passive microwave radiometry in biomedical studies","volume":"25","author":"Goryanin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Drug Discov. Today"},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Shevelev, O.A., Grechko, A.V., and Petrova, M.V. (2019). Therapeutic Hypothermia. Monograph, RUDN University."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2021.11.004","article-title":"Using medical microwave radiometry for brain temperature measurements","volume":"27","author":"Shevelev","year":"2021","journal-title":"Drug Discov. Today"},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"380","article-title":"The method of microwave radiothermometry in the study of circadian rhythms of brain temperature","volume":"173","author":"Shevelev","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bull. Exp. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"Anokhin, P.K. (1968). Biology and Neurophysiology of the Conditioned Reflex, Meditsina."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02688634","article-title":"The theory of functional systems: General postulates and principles of dynamic organization","volume":"32","author":"Sudakov","year":"1997","journal-title":"Integr. Psychol. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"Luria, A.R. (1970). Human Brain and Mental Processes, Harper & Row."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.47056\/0365-9615-2022-173-4-522-526","article-title":"Brain heat balance and markers of inflammatory response in patients with schizophrenia","volume":"173","author":"Zozulya","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bull. Exp. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shevelev, O.A., Butrov, A.V., Cheboksary, D.V., Khodorovich, N.A., Lapaev, N.N., and Pokatilova, N.C. (2017). Pathogenetic Role of Cerebral hyperthermia in brain lesions clinical medicine. Russ. J.","DOI":"10.18821\/0023-2149-2017-95-4-302-309"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2021.02.003","article-title":"European Resuscitation Council Guidelines 2021: Executive summary","volume":"161","author":"Gavin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1007\/s11517-019-01962-7","article-title":"Inducing therapeutic hypothermia via selective brain cooling: A finite element modeling analysis","volume":"57","author":"Yin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med. Biol. Eng. Comput."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1097\/ANA.0b013e3181fa75ca","article-title":"Delayed Selective Cerebral Hypothermia Decreases Infarct Volume After Reperfused Stroke in Baboons","volume":"23","author":"Schwartz","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg. Anesthesiol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2019.00586","article-title":"Neuroprotection by Therapeutic Hypothermia","volume":"13","author":"Sun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s40348-014-0007-x","article-title":"Mechanisms of hypothermia-induced cell protection in the brain","volume":"1","author":"KSchmitt","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"032","DOI":"10.29328\/journal.jnnd.1001065","article-title":"Circadian temperature rhythms of the healthy and damaged brain","volume":"6","author":"Shevelev","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Neurol. Disord."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.21687\/0233-528X-2019-53-4-59-64","article-title":"Features of cerebral blood flow in normal and pathological conditions background of craniocerebral hypothermia","volume":"53","author":"Boyarintsev","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aerosp. Environ. Med."},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"Shevelev, O.A., Petrova, M., Grechko, A., Saidov, S., Smolenskii, A., Kondratiev, A., Tsentsiper, A., Arzhadeev, A.P., Gutsalyuk, S.A., and Usmanov, A.G. (2020). Hypothermia of the Brain in the Treatment of Cerebral Lesions. Theory and Practice, Rusines, Rusayns."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5430","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867326666190506124836","article-title":"Therapeutic Hypothermia and Neuroprotection in Acute Neurological Disease","volume":"26","author":"Kurisu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.4103\/bc.bc_28_17","article-title":"Therapeutic hypothermia and targeted temperature management for traumatic brain injury: Experimental and clinical experience","volume":"3","author":"Dietrich","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain Circ."},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"141","article-title":"Hypothermic Preconditioning Reverses Tau Ontogenesis in Human Cortical Neurons and is Mimicked by Protein Phosphatase 2A Inhibition","volume":"12","author":"Rzechorzek","year":"2015","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1089\/ther.2019.0001","article-title":"A New Vision for Therapeutic Hypothermia in the Era of Targeted Temperature Management: A Speculative Synthesis","volume":"9","author":"Jackson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ther. Hypothermia Temp. Manag."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1344.007","article-title":"Antiapoptotic and anti-inflammatory mechanisms of heat-shock protein protection","volume":"1053","author":"Yenari","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_32","unstructured":"Babkina, A.S., Baeva, A.A., Bashirova, A.R., Blagonravov, M.L., Golubev, A.M., Grebenchikov, O.A., Grechko, A.V., Ershov, A.V., Zakharchenko, V.E., and Kuzovlev, A.N. (2021). Biological markers of damage and regeneration of the central nervous system."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2013.01.041","article-title":"Effects of moderate and deep hypothermia on RNA-binding proteins RBM3 and CIRP expressions in murine hippocampal brain slices","volume":"1504","author":"Tong","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3464","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201801143","article-title":"Cold-induced protein RBM3 orchestrates neurogenesis via modulating Yap mRNA stability in cold stress","volume":"217","author":"Xia","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2014.11.061","article-title":"Cloning, expression, and purification of cold inducible RNA-binding protein and its neuroprotective mechanism of action","volume":"1597","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2143","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-016-9761-1","article-title":"Involvement of Cold Inducible RNA-Binding Protein in Severe Hypoxia-Induced Growth Arrest of Neural Stem Cells In Vitro","volume":"54","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1006844114348","article-title":"Characterization of cold-induced heat shock protein expression in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes","volume":"173","author":"Laios","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Biochem."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Neutelings, T., Lambert, C.A., Nusgens, B.V., and Colige, A.C. (2013). Colige Effects of Mild Cold Shock (25 \u00b0C) Followed by Warming Up at 37 \u00b0C on the Cellular Stress Response. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0069687"},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"809874","article-title":"Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Hypothermia-Induced Neuroprotection","volume":"2011","author":"Shintani","year":"2011","journal-title":"Stroke Restarch Treat."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1097\/WNR.0b013e32832a2f32","article-title":"Hypothermia enhances heat-shock protein 70 production in ischemic brains","volume":"20","author":"Terao","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2013.192","article-title":"FGF-21, a novel metabolic regulator, has a robust neuroprotective role and is markedly elevated in neurons by mood stabilizers","volume":"20","author":"Leng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2015.08.012","article-title":"Cold stress protein RBM3 responds to temperature change in an ultra-sensitive manner in young neurons","volume":"305","author":"Jackson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3496","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI94337","article-title":"Peripherally derived FGF21 promotes remyelination in the central nervous system","volume":"127","author":"Kuroda","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2091","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2017.5271","article-title":"FGF21 Protects the Blood-Brain Barrier by Upregulating PPAR\u03b3 via FGFR1 \/\u03b2-klotho after Traumatic Brain Injury","volume":"35","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3039","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.118.022119","article-title":"Endocrine Regulator rFGF21 (Recombinant Human Fibroblast Growth Factor 21) Improves Neurological Outcomes Following Focal Ischemic Stroke of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Male Mice","volume":"49","author":"Jiang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1007\/s12640-018-9914-2","article-title":"Protective effects of fibroblast growth factor 21 against amyloid-beta1-42-induced toxicity in SH-SY5Y cells","volume":"34","author":"Amiri","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurotox. Res."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1767","article-title":"Mitochondrial uncoupling proteins in the CNS: In support of function and survival","volume":"6","author":"Andrews","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10766","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2744-08.2008","article-title":"Exercise-Induced Synaptogenesis in the Hippocampus Is Dependent on UCP2-Regulated Mitochondrial Adaptation","volume":"28","author":"Dietrich","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2013.12.017","article-title":"Irisin and FGF21 are cold-induced endocrine activators of brown fat function in humans","volume":"19","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2016.12.003","article-title":"The novel exercise-induced hormone irisin protects against neuronal injury via activation of the Akt and ERK1\/2 signaling pathways and contributes to the neuroprotection of physical exercise in cerebral ischemia","volume":"68","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-018-2569-9","article-title":"Irisin Peptide Protects Brain Against Ischemic Injury Through Reducing Apoptosis and Enhancing BDNF in a Rodent Model of Stroke","volume":"43","author":"Asadi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1691","DOI":"10.1097\/01.wnr.0000236868.83970.79","article-title":"Hypothermia blocks ischemic changes in ubiquitin distribution and levels following stroke","volume":"17","author":"Liu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1574","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.22.12.1574","article-title":"Mild hypothermia ameliorates ubiquitin synthesis and prevents delayed neuronal death in the gerbil hippocampus","volume":"22","author":"Yamashita","year":"1991","journal-title":"Stroke"}],"container-title":["Diagnostics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/13\/6\/1159\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T18:58:07Z","timestamp":1760122687000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/13\/6\/1159"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,18]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]}},"alternative-id":["diagnostics13061159"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics13061159","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-4418"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2075-4418","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,18]]}}}