{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T16:04:21Z","timestamp":1772553861076,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,29]],"date-time":"2023-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680048000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82001918"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82001918"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LR23F010003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LR23F010003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LTGY23H180015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LTGY23H180015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LQ19E050011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LQ19E050011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["XMGL-KJZX-202203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XMGL-KJZX-202203"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["82001918"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82001918"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["LR23F010003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LR23F010003"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["LTGY23H180015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LTGY23H180015"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["LQ19E050011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LQ19E050011"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["XMGL-KJZX-202203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XMGL-KJZX-202203"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Special Project of the Institute of Wenzhou, Zhejiang University","award":["82001918"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82001918"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Special Project of the Institute of Wenzhou, Zhejiang University","award":["LR23F010003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LR23F010003"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Special Project of the Institute of Wenzhou, Zhejiang University","award":["LTGY23H180015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LTGY23H180015"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Special Project of the Institute of Wenzhou, Zhejiang University","award":["LQ19E050011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LQ19E050011"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Special Project of the Institute of Wenzhou, Zhejiang University","award":["XMGL-KJZX-202203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XMGL-KJZX-202203"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To investigate the differences in functional brain network structures between patients with a high level of generalized anxiety disorder (HGAD) and those with a low level of generalized anxiety disorder (LGAD), a resting-state electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded in 30 LGAD patients and 21 HGAD patients. Functional connectivity between all pairs of brain regions was determined by the Phase Lag Index (PLI) to construct a functional brain network. Then, the characteristic path length, clustering coefficient, and small world were calculated to estimate functional brain network structures. The results showed that the PLI values of HGAD were significantly increased in alpha2, and significantly decreased in the theta and alpha1 rhythms, and the small-world attributes for both HGAD patients and LGAD patients were less than one for all the rhythms. Moreover, the small-world values of HGAD were significantly lower than those of LGAD in the theta and alpha2 rhythms, which indicated that the brain functional network structure would deteriorate with the increase in generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) severity. Our findings may play a role in the development and understanding of LGAD and HGAD to determine whether interventions that target these brain changes may be effective in treating GAD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13071292","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,30]],"date-time":"2023-03-30T01:05:26Z","timestamp":1680138326000},"page":"1292","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Altered Functional Brain Network Structure between Patients with High and Low Generalized Anxiety Disorder"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6040-0108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xuchen","family":"Qi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, China"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Shaoxing People\u2019s Hospital, Shaoxing 312000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiaqi","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education of China, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1496-1745","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wanxiu","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1957-471X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Mathematical Medicine, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2008.04.005","article-title":"Worry, generalized anxiety disorder, and emotion: Evidence from the EEG gamma band","volume":"79","author":"Oathes","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biol. 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