{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T19:47:43Z","timestamp":1780516063640,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,3]],"date-time":"2023-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Qazvin University of Medical Sciences"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to assess the qualitative changes in the saliva during the process of primary teeth eruption. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 147 children from 2 to 48 months, of which 49 were in group A (no erupted primary teeth), 53 were in group B (at least one active erupting primary tooth), and 45 were in group C (eruption of all 20 primary teeth was completed). Salivary proteins were evaluated by sodium dodecyl sulfate electrophoresis with polyacrylamide gel, while the concentrations of salivary sodium, potassium, chloride, and calcium ions were evaluated by ion selective electrodes. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and Bonferroni tests (alpha = 0.05). The concentration of proteins with molecular weights of 20\u201330 KDa was significantly higher in group A, and it gradually decreased with age. The concentration of proteins with molecular weights of 50\u201360 KDa in group B was significantly lower than those of groups A and C. The calcium ion concentration in group A was significantly higher than that of the other groups. The concentration of potassium ions was minimal in group C. The proteins and electrolyte profiles of the subjects\u2019 saliva changed in the process of primary tooth eruption. The highest concentrations of proteins such as statherin, histatin, P-B peptide, and cystatin and the lowest concentrations of proteins such as amylase were present in group B.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13071335","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,4]],"date-time":"2023-04-04T01:35:59Z","timestamp":1680572159000},"page":"1335","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Salivary Protein and Electrolyte Profiles during Primary Teeth Eruption: A Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Mina","family":"Ahmadian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin 34199-15315, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Maleki Kambakhsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin 34199-15315, Iran"},{"name":"Dental Caries Prevention Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin 34199-15315, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nahid","family":"Einollahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14197-33141, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saber","family":"Babazadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental Caries Prevention Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin 34199-15315, Iran"},{"name":"Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 91779-48959, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5515-2189","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maryam","family":"Tofangchiha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental Caries Prevention Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin 34199-15315, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"D\u2019Amato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unicamillus International University of Health and Medical Sciences, 00131 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7358-8763","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Romeo","family":"Patini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Head, Neck and Sense Organs, School of Dentistry, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, 00135 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1177\/154411130201300403","article-title":"Cellular, molecular, and genetic determinants of tooth eruption","volume":"13","author":"Wise","year":"2002","journal-title":"Crit. 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